Chapter 13: Structure and Function of the Neurologic System Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th Edition

Chapter 13: Structure and Function of the Neurologic System Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. When a patient asks what the somatic nervous system controls, how should the nurse respond? It controls: a. the heart. b. the spinal cord. c. skeletal muscle. d. smooth muscle organs. ANS: C The somatic nervous system consists of pathways that regulate voluntary motor control, the skeletal muscle system. The somatic nervous system does not control the heart; the autonomic nervous system controls the heart, the spinal cord, and the smooth muscl e organs. REF: p. 307 2. A nurse is preparing to teach about nerves. Which information should the nurse include? The axon leaves the cell body at the: a. axon hillock. b. Nissl body. c. node of Ranvier. d. myelin sheath. ANS: A The axon hillock is the cone -shaped process where the axon leaves the cell body. The Nissl body is involved in protein synthesis. Axons branch at the node of Ranvier. The myelin sheath covers the entire membrane. REF: p. 308 3. When a student asks in which region of the neuron do nerve impulses travel the fastest, how should the nurse respond? The: a. large axon. b. axon hillock. c. cell body. d. dendrites. ANS: A Large axons transmit impulses at a faster rate than cell bodies. The axon hillock has a low threshold level. The dendrites carry impulses toward the cell body, but not as quickly as large axons. REF: p. 308 4. A neurologist is teaching the staff about motor neurons. Which structural classification identifies motor neurons? a. Unipolar b. Pseudounipolar c. Bipolar d. Multipolar ANS: D A motor neuron is typically multipolar. Unipolar neurons are found in the retina. Pseudounipolar neurons have one process; the dendritic portion of each of these neurons extends away from the CNS, and the axon portion projects into the CNS. Bipolar neurons are found in the eye. REF: p. 308 5. An experiment looking at an isolated neuron revealed a sensory nerve with one process containing a dendritic portion extending away from the CNS and an axon extending toward the CNS. Which of the following classifications would this neuron fall into? a. Bipolar b. Multipolar c. Pseudounipolar d. Interpolar ANS: C Pseudounipolar neurons have one process; the dendritic portion of each of these neurons extends away from the CNS, and the axon portion projects into the CNS. Bipolar neurons have two distinct processes arising from the cell body. Multipolar neurons are th e most common and have multiple processes capable of extensive branching. A motor neuron is typically multipolar. Interpolar is not a type of neuron. REF: p. 308 6. A cell was isolated from the CNS. A researcher revealed that its main function was to clear cellular debris. What type of cell is the researcher studying? a. Astrocyte b. Ependymal cell c. Microglia d. Schwann cell