Nursing 220 Final Review Exam with Questions and Answers

Nursing 220 Final Review Exam with Questions and Answers Cardiovascular disease risk factors ANSWER High blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, obesity, poor diet, physical inactivity, excessive alcohol abuse Varicose Veins ANSWER Distended or stretched veins found most frequently in the legs or trunk. -Increases with age -Risk factors include family history, high blood pressure, standing for prolonged periods of time Hypertension ANSWER Chronic high blood pressure, increases risk for a heart attack or stroke, no signs or symptoms. Can be controlled by exercise, not smoking, healthy diet Stroke ANSWER Blood vessel disease of the brain, occurs when arteries that supply blood become blocked, preventing blood flow. Can also occur from a ruptured aneurysm or from a cerebral hemorrhage Stroke signs ANSWER Sudden weakness, paralysis, numbness of the face/arms/legs, confusion, trouble speaking, difficulty seeing in one or both eyes, shortness of breath, sudden headache, loss of balance Atherosclerosis ANSWER Plaques (fatty acids) develop inside arteries. Lipids, especially cholesterol, accumulate at injury sites and cling to the interior of the blood vessel walls. Calcium hardens the artery wall The main cause of a heart attack or a stroke: ANSWER blood clots Coronary Artery Disease ANSWER Blocked coronary arteries, results in a heart attack. Reduce risk by eating a low sodium diet, not smoking, and exercising daily Angina pectoris ANSWER Chest pain, most common symptom of coronary artery disease Peripheral blood vessel disease ANSWER Blockages occurring in organs and tissues other than the heart Thrombus ANSWER Stationary blood clot, can block blood vessel where it forms