Table of Contents
Purpose and Perspective of the Chapter.......................................................................................................1
Cengage Supplements.................................................................................................................................1
Learning Objectives.....................................................................................................................................2
Complete List of Chapter Activities and Assessments................................................................................2
Key Terms...................................................................................................................................................3
What’s New in This Chapter.......................................................................................................................4
Chapter Outline...........................................................................................................................................4
True or False Questions Answer Key..........................................................................................................5
Discussion Questions...................................................................................................................................6
Appendix.....................................................................................................................................................7
Generic Rubrics.......................................................................................................................................7
Standard Discussion Rubric.....................................................................................................................7
Purpose and Perspective of the Chapter
What influences drug use and how that use affects us make up the subject of drugs and human behavior
and are what this text is about. Because our subject matter is so wide-ranging, this introductory chapter
spans a variety of topics. We include formal definitions throughout the chapter, beginning with terms
such as pharmacology, drug, and drug abuse.
As you’ll soon see, we introduce many key terms in this chapter. These terms will be used throughout the
text, so it is important for you to begin learning and differentiating among them.
In this chapter, we also explain the drug classification systems used in this book and then move to a
discussion of who uses drugs. The final sections of the chapter cover ways to define harmful drug use.
The chapter closes with a brief overview of the rest of the text.
Cengage Supplements
The following product-level supplements provide additional information that may help you in preparing
your course. They are available in the Instructor Resource Center.
Educator’s Guide
Transition Guide
Cognero Test Banks
PowerPoints
[return to top]
Learning Objectives
The following objectives are addressed in this chapter:
1-1 Differentiate among the definitions of drug
1-2 Explain the major ways of classifying drugs
,1-3 Describe the pharmacological and nonpharmacological factors that influence the drug experience
1-4 Explain current patterns of alcohol and drug use in the United States
1-5 Describe negative consequences associated with alcohol and drug use
1-6 Describe advantages and disadvantages of using the DSM-5 definitions for substance use disorder,
addiction, psychological dependence, and craving
1-7 Differentiate between tolerance and withdrawal
1-8 Explain the criteria used to evaluate websites
[return to top]
Complete List of Chapter Activities and Assessments
For additional guidance refer to the Teaching Online Guide.
Chapter Objective PPT Slide Activity/Assessment Duration
All Objectives PPT: #2 PPT: Icebreaker 15 minutes
1-1 Differentiate among the PPT: #4
definitions of drug PPT: #s 8–9 PPT, IM: Knowledge Check 1:
Pharmacology and Drugs 10 minutes
1-2 Explain the major ways PPT: #6
of classifying drugs PPT: #16 IM: Discussion Questions:
International Comparisons of
Drug Use (1.2, 1.4) 15 minutes
1-3 Describe the PPT: #7
pharmacological and PPT: #8–9
nonpharmacological factors 10 minutes
that influence the drug
experience
1-4 Explain current patterns PPT: #10
of alcohol and drug use in PPT: #16 IM: Discussion Questions:
the United States International Comparisons of
Drug Use (1.2, 1.4)
1-5 Describe negative PPT: #12–17
consequences associated PPT: #18–19 Knowledge Check 2: Alcohol 5 minutes
with alcohol and drug use and Drug Use in the United
States
1-6 Describe advantages PPT: #21, 23–25
and disadvantages of using
the DSM-5 definitions for
substance use disorder,
addiction, psychological
dependence, and craving
1-7 Differentiate between PPT: #26
tolerance and withdrawal PPT: #28–29 Knowledge Check 3: Defining
Harmful Drug Use 5 minutes
All Objectives PPT: #30–32
PPT: #33–34 Knowledge Check 4: Overview
of the Text 5 minutes
1-8 Explain the criteria PPT: #35–39
used to evaluate websites PPT: #40–41 Knowledge Check 5: Evaluating
, Websites 5 minutes
[return to top]
Key Terms
addiction: In reference to drugs, overwhelming involvement with using a drug, getting an adequate
supply of it, and having a strong tendency to resume use of it after stopping for a period.
craving: A term that has been variously defined in reference to drug use; typically a strong or intense
desire to use a drug.
drug: Broadly defined as any substance with the potential to treat or cure disease, or enhance physical or
mental welfare; any chemical agent that alters the biochemical physiological processes of tissues or
organisms; psychoactive drugs, for which there is nonmedical use in addition to any medical use.
drug abuse: Any use of drugs that causes physical, psychological, legal, or social harm to the individual
user or to others affected by the drug user’s behavior.
drug dosage: Measure of the quantity of drug consumed.
drug effects: The action of a drug on the body. Drug effects are measured in different ways.
grain: As a measure, a unit of weight equal to 0.0648 g.
over-the-counter drugs: Drugs that can be obtained legally without a medical prescription.
pharmacology: The scientific study of drugs concerned with how drugs act on biological systems and
how the body responds to the drug.
placebo: In pharmacology, a chemically inactive substance.
polydrug use: A person’s regular use of more than one drug.
prevalence: The general occurrence of an event, usually expressed in terms of percentage of some
population. Another common statistic in survey studies is incidence, or the number of first-time
occurrences of an event during some time period.
psychoactive: Pertaining to effects on mood, thinking, and behavior.
psychological dependence: The emotional state of craving a drug either for its positive effect or to avoid
negative effects associated with its abuse.
psychological set: An individual’s knowledge, attitudes, expectations, and other thoughts about an object
or event, such as a drug.
psychology: The scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
psychopharmacology: The subarea of pharmacology that concerns the effects of drugs on behavior.
route of drug administration: The way that drugs enter the body.
syndrome: In medicine, a number of symptoms that occur together and characterize a specific illness or
disease.
tolerance: Generally, increased amounts of a drug needed to achieve intoxication, or a diminished drug
effect with continued use of the same amount of a drug.
withdrawal: A definable illness that occurs with a cessation or decrease in use of a drug.
[return to top]
What’s New in This Chapter
The following elements are improvements in this chapter from the previous edition:
Each chapter of the ninth edition has been updated to represent findings from the latest research,
as well as to reflect social and legal changes related to drugs. Among the many revisions, we
present the latest survey data available at this writing on patterns of drug use in the United States
and in other countries worldwide.
, [return to top]
Chapter Outline
I. Pharmacology and Drugs (1.1, PPT Slide #4)
a. Drug Classification
b. The Drug Experience
c. Knowledge Check 1: Pharmacology and Drugs (1.1, PPT Slides #8–9), 10 minutes total, 7
matching items and answers
Question: Match each term on the left with its definition on the right.
Answers:
1. Pharmacology: How drugs act on user body systems
2. Psychopharmacology: How drugs affect user behavior
3. Drug abuse: Drug use that harms self or others
4. Drug misuse: Drug use for something it was not prescribed for
5. Medical definition of drug: Anything that can prevent or cure disease or enhance well-
being
6. Pharmacological definition of drug: How drugs act on user body systems
7. Common usage definition of drug: Psychoactive drugs used medically and nonmedically
II. Alcohol and Drug Use in the United States (1.2, PPT Slide # 10)
a. National Survey on Drug Use and Health
b. Multiple Drug Use
c. International Comparisons of Drug Use
d. Negative Consequences of Alcohol and Drug Use
e. Knowledge Check 2: Alcohol and Drug Use in the United States (1.2, PPT Slides # 18–
19), 5 minutes total, multiple-choice question and answer.
Question: What have national and international research surveys found about alcohol and
other drug use in the United States?
Answer: Young adults and males used drugs more than older adults and females in all
countries. The United States reported more use of cocaine, alcohol, and cannabis than
all other countries responding to these surveys.
III. Defining Harmful Drug Use
a. Use of the DSM
b. Drug Tolerance, Withdrawal, and Drug-Taking Behavior
c. Knowledge Check 3: Defining Harmful Drug Use (1.3, PPT Slides #28–29), 5 minutes
total, 5 matching items and answers
Question: Match the terms on the left with their definitions on the right.
Answers:
1. Tolerance: More of the drug is needed to get the same effect
2. Withdrawal: Illness from stopping or reducing drug use when the body cannot
function without the drug
3. Sensitization: Reward value of drug is heightened by changes in brain’s neural
pathways
4. Psychological dependence: Emotional state of craving
5. Drug addiction: Includes tolerance, withdrawal, and loss of control
IV. Overview of the Text (1.4, PPT Slides 30–32)
a. Knowledge Check 4: Overview of the Text (1.4, PPT Slides #33–34), 5 minutes total,
multiple-choice question and answer.
Question: What did the authors say is the central topic of this text?
Purpose and Perspective of the Chapter.......................................................................................................1
Cengage Supplements.................................................................................................................................1
Learning Objectives.....................................................................................................................................2
Complete List of Chapter Activities and Assessments................................................................................2
Key Terms...................................................................................................................................................3
What’s New in This Chapter.......................................................................................................................4
Chapter Outline...........................................................................................................................................4
True or False Questions Answer Key..........................................................................................................5
Discussion Questions...................................................................................................................................6
Appendix.....................................................................................................................................................7
Generic Rubrics.......................................................................................................................................7
Standard Discussion Rubric.....................................................................................................................7
Purpose and Perspective of the Chapter
What influences drug use and how that use affects us make up the subject of drugs and human behavior
and are what this text is about. Because our subject matter is so wide-ranging, this introductory chapter
spans a variety of topics. We include formal definitions throughout the chapter, beginning with terms
such as pharmacology, drug, and drug abuse.
As you’ll soon see, we introduce many key terms in this chapter. These terms will be used throughout the
text, so it is important for you to begin learning and differentiating among them.
In this chapter, we also explain the drug classification systems used in this book and then move to a
discussion of who uses drugs. The final sections of the chapter cover ways to define harmful drug use.
The chapter closes with a brief overview of the rest of the text.
Cengage Supplements
The following product-level supplements provide additional information that may help you in preparing
your course. They are available in the Instructor Resource Center.
Educator’s Guide
Transition Guide
Cognero Test Banks
PowerPoints
[return to top]
Learning Objectives
The following objectives are addressed in this chapter:
1-1 Differentiate among the definitions of drug
1-2 Explain the major ways of classifying drugs
,1-3 Describe the pharmacological and nonpharmacological factors that influence the drug experience
1-4 Explain current patterns of alcohol and drug use in the United States
1-5 Describe negative consequences associated with alcohol and drug use
1-6 Describe advantages and disadvantages of using the DSM-5 definitions for substance use disorder,
addiction, psychological dependence, and craving
1-7 Differentiate between tolerance and withdrawal
1-8 Explain the criteria used to evaluate websites
[return to top]
Complete List of Chapter Activities and Assessments
For additional guidance refer to the Teaching Online Guide.
Chapter Objective PPT Slide Activity/Assessment Duration
All Objectives PPT: #2 PPT: Icebreaker 15 minutes
1-1 Differentiate among the PPT: #4
definitions of drug PPT: #s 8–9 PPT, IM: Knowledge Check 1:
Pharmacology and Drugs 10 minutes
1-2 Explain the major ways PPT: #6
of classifying drugs PPT: #16 IM: Discussion Questions:
International Comparisons of
Drug Use (1.2, 1.4) 15 minutes
1-3 Describe the PPT: #7
pharmacological and PPT: #8–9
nonpharmacological factors 10 minutes
that influence the drug
experience
1-4 Explain current patterns PPT: #10
of alcohol and drug use in PPT: #16 IM: Discussion Questions:
the United States International Comparisons of
Drug Use (1.2, 1.4)
1-5 Describe negative PPT: #12–17
consequences associated PPT: #18–19 Knowledge Check 2: Alcohol 5 minutes
with alcohol and drug use and Drug Use in the United
States
1-6 Describe advantages PPT: #21, 23–25
and disadvantages of using
the DSM-5 definitions for
substance use disorder,
addiction, psychological
dependence, and craving
1-7 Differentiate between PPT: #26
tolerance and withdrawal PPT: #28–29 Knowledge Check 3: Defining
Harmful Drug Use 5 minutes
All Objectives PPT: #30–32
PPT: #33–34 Knowledge Check 4: Overview
of the Text 5 minutes
1-8 Explain the criteria PPT: #35–39
used to evaluate websites PPT: #40–41 Knowledge Check 5: Evaluating
, Websites 5 minutes
[return to top]
Key Terms
addiction: In reference to drugs, overwhelming involvement with using a drug, getting an adequate
supply of it, and having a strong tendency to resume use of it after stopping for a period.
craving: A term that has been variously defined in reference to drug use; typically a strong or intense
desire to use a drug.
drug: Broadly defined as any substance with the potential to treat or cure disease, or enhance physical or
mental welfare; any chemical agent that alters the biochemical physiological processes of tissues or
organisms; psychoactive drugs, for which there is nonmedical use in addition to any medical use.
drug abuse: Any use of drugs that causes physical, psychological, legal, or social harm to the individual
user or to others affected by the drug user’s behavior.
drug dosage: Measure of the quantity of drug consumed.
drug effects: The action of a drug on the body. Drug effects are measured in different ways.
grain: As a measure, a unit of weight equal to 0.0648 g.
over-the-counter drugs: Drugs that can be obtained legally without a medical prescription.
pharmacology: The scientific study of drugs concerned with how drugs act on biological systems and
how the body responds to the drug.
placebo: In pharmacology, a chemically inactive substance.
polydrug use: A person’s regular use of more than one drug.
prevalence: The general occurrence of an event, usually expressed in terms of percentage of some
population. Another common statistic in survey studies is incidence, or the number of first-time
occurrences of an event during some time period.
psychoactive: Pertaining to effects on mood, thinking, and behavior.
psychological dependence: The emotional state of craving a drug either for its positive effect or to avoid
negative effects associated with its abuse.
psychological set: An individual’s knowledge, attitudes, expectations, and other thoughts about an object
or event, such as a drug.
psychology: The scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
psychopharmacology: The subarea of pharmacology that concerns the effects of drugs on behavior.
route of drug administration: The way that drugs enter the body.
syndrome: In medicine, a number of symptoms that occur together and characterize a specific illness or
disease.
tolerance: Generally, increased amounts of a drug needed to achieve intoxication, or a diminished drug
effect with continued use of the same amount of a drug.
withdrawal: A definable illness that occurs with a cessation or decrease in use of a drug.
[return to top]
What’s New in This Chapter
The following elements are improvements in this chapter from the previous edition:
Each chapter of the ninth edition has been updated to represent findings from the latest research,
as well as to reflect social and legal changes related to drugs. Among the many revisions, we
present the latest survey data available at this writing on patterns of drug use in the United States
and in other countries worldwide.
, [return to top]
Chapter Outline
I. Pharmacology and Drugs (1.1, PPT Slide #4)
a. Drug Classification
b. The Drug Experience
c. Knowledge Check 1: Pharmacology and Drugs (1.1, PPT Slides #8–9), 10 minutes total, 7
matching items and answers
Question: Match each term on the left with its definition on the right.
Answers:
1. Pharmacology: How drugs act on user body systems
2. Psychopharmacology: How drugs affect user behavior
3. Drug abuse: Drug use that harms self or others
4. Drug misuse: Drug use for something it was not prescribed for
5. Medical definition of drug: Anything that can prevent or cure disease or enhance well-
being
6. Pharmacological definition of drug: How drugs act on user body systems
7. Common usage definition of drug: Psychoactive drugs used medically and nonmedically
II. Alcohol and Drug Use in the United States (1.2, PPT Slide # 10)
a. National Survey on Drug Use and Health
b. Multiple Drug Use
c. International Comparisons of Drug Use
d. Negative Consequences of Alcohol and Drug Use
e. Knowledge Check 2: Alcohol and Drug Use in the United States (1.2, PPT Slides # 18–
19), 5 minutes total, multiple-choice question and answer.
Question: What have national and international research surveys found about alcohol and
other drug use in the United States?
Answer: Young adults and males used drugs more than older adults and females in all
countries. The United States reported more use of cocaine, alcohol, and cannabis than
all other countries responding to these surveys.
III. Defining Harmful Drug Use
a. Use of the DSM
b. Drug Tolerance, Withdrawal, and Drug-Taking Behavior
c. Knowledge Check 3: Defining Harmful Drug Use (1.3, PPT Slides #28–29), 5 minutes
total, 5 matching items and answers
Question: Match the terms on the left with their definitions on the right.
Answers:
1. Tolerance: More of the drug is needed to get the same effect
2. Withdrawal: Illness from stopping or reducing drug use when the body cannot
function without the drug
3. Sensitization: Reward value of drug is heightened by changes in brain’s neural
pathways
4. Psychological dependence: Emotional state of craving
5. Drug addiction: Includes tolerance, withdrawal, and loss of control
IV. Overview of the Text (1.4, PPT Slides 30–32)
a. Knowledge Check 4: Overview of the Text (1.4, PPT Slides #33–34), 5 minutes total,
multiple-choice question and answer.
Question: What did the authors say is the central topic of this text?
