PLTW CIM Final Review latest questions and answers all are correct graded A+

Jig - A device that holds and locates a piece of work and guides the tools that operate upon it. Example: table, anything that is used to guide material. Fixture - A device designed and built for holding a particular piece of work for machining operations without the ability to guide tools Postprocessor - A post-processor is in essence software and or a sequence of instructions to deal with a nuetral format generated by a CAM system and translates that nuetral language to one that makes your CNC control happy. Flexible Manufacturing system - Adapts efficiently to changing need, allows the system to react in case of changes whether predicted or unpredicted. Lean manufacturing - Systematic elimination of waste. Entire system must participate to produce effectively six sigma - indicates measure of quality for near perfection. Produces fewer than 3.4 defects per million opportunities. Identifies and corrects causes of defects. Utilizes the five "whys" to uncover root cause. kaizen - japanese for improvement. Based on continuous improvement by everyone. mass production - the production of large amounts of standardized products whereas handmade production makes a smaller number of items work envelope - range of motion of a robot or machine rapid prototyping - prototype made directly from a computer model. several technologies: sterolithography, 3D printing, selective laser sintering, fused deposition cells - an arrangement of resources in a manufacturing enviroment to improve the quality speed and cost of the process tolerance - an allowable amount of variation of a specified quantity, especially in the dimensions of a machine or part repeatability - indicates how close together repeated measurements of the same quantity are to each other. accuracy - indicates how close measurements are to the actual quantity being measured. closed loop - a type of control system that automatically changes the output based on the difference between the feedback signal to the input signal. Requires feedback from sensor input to control outputs. open loop - a type of control system that uses only an input signal to actuate an output. there is no automatic feedback to adjust the process so adjustments must be made manually by the operator. Example: you tell the motor to turn on for a specified time, not controled by sensors. limit switch - can be used to Home a robot by indicating that the machine has reached the max extent of its travel along an axis. additive process - fabrication of a part by adding material. 3d printing subtractive process - Processes that remove material to change the size, shape, or surface of a part. There are two groups of separating processes: machining and shearing. fixed cost - A periodic manufacturing cost that remains (more or less) unchanged irrespective of the output level or sales revenue of a firm. Such costs include rent, phone service, internet, lightingvariable cost - Periodic manufacturing cost that varies, more or less, in step with the output or the sales revenue of a firm. Such costs include raw material, energy usage, labor (wages), distribution costs, etc. profit - The monetary surplus left to a producer or employer after deducting wages, rent, cost of raw materials, etc. overhead - The general, fixed cost of running a business, such as rent, lighting, and heating expenses, which cannot be charged or attributed to a specific product or part of the work operation. raw materials - Basic substance in its natural, modified, or semi-processed state, used as an input to a production process for subsequent modification or transformation into a finished good. primary processing - The first step in manufacturing where raw materials are processed into a usable form for further manufacture. tolerance - The amount of interference required for two or more parts that are in contact. The amount of variation, over or under the required size, permitted on a piece of machined work. absolute - System in which positions are given with respect to a fixed point, usually the origin. Incremental - A system in which each position is taken from the one prior. Also called relative. end effector - A tool or gripper attached to the end of a robotic arm. control system - A system in which one or more outputs are forced to change in a desired manner as time progresses. handshaking - Handshaking is a form of communication where a signal is sent from a device to another similar or dissimilar device(s).pneumatics - The use of a gas flowing under pressure to transmit power from one location to another. Gas in a pneumatic system behaves like a spring since it is compressible - quicker, jumpier motion, not as precise. hydraulics - The use of a liquid flowing under pressure to transmit power from one location to another. Liquid in a hydraulic system behaves like a solid since it compresses very little - slower, smoother motion, more precise.