1. In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD),
which of the following is most accurate?
A. It is reversible
B. It only involves the alveoli
C. It includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema
D. It causes reduced lung compliance
Answer: C
Rationale: COPD is a combination of chronic
bronchitis and emphysema and is largely
irreversible.
2. Which of the following best describes the
pathophysiology of gout?
A. Increased calcium deposition in joints
B. Autoimmune destruction of synovial membrane
C. Accumulation of monosodium urate crystals in
joints
D. Bacterial infection of the joint capsule
Answer: C
,Rationale: Gout is caused by uric acid crystal
deposition in joints due to hyperuricemia.
3. What is the primary electrolyte imbalance in tumor
lysis syndrome?
A. Hypokalemia
B. Hypercalcemia
C. Hyperuricemia and hyperkalemia
D. Hyponatremia
Answer: C
Rationale: Tumor lysis syndrome involves release of
intracellular ions, causing hyperkalemia,
hyperuricemia, and hyperphosphatemia.
4. What type of hypersensitivity reaction is involved
in anaphylaxis?
A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Type III
D. Type IV
Answer: A
,Rationale: Type I hypersensitivity involves IgE-
mediated release of histamine and other mediators,
leading to anaphylaxis.
5. Hyperparathyroidism causes which of the
following lab abnormalities?
A. Low calcium
B. High phosphate
C. Low PTH
D. Hypercalcemia
Answer: D
Rationale: PTH increases calcium levels by
stimulating bone resorption and kidney reabsorption.
6. Which of the following conditions results from a
mutation in the dystrophin gene?
A. Multiple sclerosis
B. Duchenne muscular dystrophy
C. Myasthenia gravis
D. Guillain-Barré syndrome
Answer: B
, Rationale: Duchenne muscular dystrophy is caused
by a mutation in the dystrophin gene, leading to
progressive muscle weakness.
7. Which of the following best describes the
pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease?
A. Dopamine deficiency
B. Amyloid plaque accumulation and neurofibrillary
tangles
C. Increased GABA activity
D. Reduced serotonin levels
Answer: B
Rationale: Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by
abnormal protein aggregates and neuron loss in the
brain.
8. What is the hallmark of Hodgkin lymphoma?
A. Bence Jones proteins
B. Philadelphia chromosome
C. Reed-Sternberg cells
D. Myeloblast proliferation
which of the following is most accurate?
A. It is reversible
B. It only involves the alveoli
C. It includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema
D. It causes reduced lung compliance
Answer: C
Rationale: COPD is a combination of chronic
bronchitis and emphysema and is largely
irreversible.
2. Which of the following best describes the
pathophysiology of gout?
A. Increased calcium deposition in joints
B. Autoimmune destruction of synovial membrane
C. Accumulation of monosodium urate crystals in
joints
D. Bacterial infection of the joint capsule
Answer: C
,Rationale: Gout is caused by uric acid crystal
deposition in joints due to hyperuricemia.
3. What is the primary electrolyte imbalance in tumor
lysis syndrome?
A. Hypokalemia
B. Hypercalcemia
C. Hyperuricemia and hyperkalemia
D. Hyponatremia
Answer: C
Rationale: Tumor lysis syndrome involves release of
intracellular ions, causing hyperkalemia,
hyperuricemia, and hyperphosphatemia.
4. What type of hypersensitivity reaction is involved
in anaphylaxis?
A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Type III
D. Type IV
Answer: A
,Rationale: Type I hypersensitivity involves IgE-
mediated release of histamine and other mediators,
leading to anaphylaxis.
5. Hyperparathyroidism causes which of the
following lab abnormalities?
A. Low calcium
B. High phosphate
C. Low PTH
D. Hypercalcemia
Answer: D
Rationale: PTH increases calcium levels by
stimulating bone resorption and kidney reabsorption.
6. Which of the following conditions results from a
mutation in the dystrophin gene?
A. Multiple sclerosis
B. Duchenne muscular dystrophy
C. Myasthenia gravis
D. Guillain-Barré syndrome
Answer: B
, Rationale: Duchenne muscular dystrophy is caused
by a mutation in the dystrophin gene, leading to
progressive muscle weakness.
7. Which of the following best describes the
pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease?
A. Dopamine deficiency
B. Amyloid plaque accumulation and neurofibrillary
tangles
C. Increased GABA activity
D. Reduced serotonin levels
Answer: B
Rationale: Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by
abnormal protein aggregates and neuron loss in the
brain.
8. What is the hallmark of Hodgkin lymphoma?
A. Bence Jones proteins
B. Philadelphia chromosome
C. Reed-Sternberg cells
D. Myeloblast proliferation
