BIOS-251: Exam 2 Review question
and answers grade a+ solutions
Cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei containing the
same number of chromosomes
Mitosis
The resting phase of mitosis. Cell grows, performs its normal
functions, and prepares for division; consists of G1, S, and G2
phases
Interphase
Cells that have left the cycle and cease dividing for a long time (or
permanently)
G Zero (G0) Phase
The first gap, or growth phase, of the cell cycle, consisting of the
portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins.
G1 Phase
The synthesis phase of the cell cycle; the portion of interphase
during which DNA is replicated.
S Phase
The second gap, or growth phase, of the cell cycle, consisting of the
portion of interphase after DNA synthesis occurs.
Growth and preparation for mitosis
G2 Phase
First and longest phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes
become visible and the centrioles separate and take up positions on
the opposite sides of the nucleus
Prophase
Second phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes line up across
the center of the cell
Metaphase
The third phase of mitosis, during which the chromosome pairs
separate and move toward opposite poles
Anaphase
The final phase of cell division, between anaphase and interphase, in
which the chromatids or chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell
and two nuclei are formed.
, Telophase
Division of the cytoplasm during cell division
Cytokinesis
Cell division that produces reproductive cells (gametes) in sexually
reproducing organisms
Meiosis
Compare and Contrast Mitosis and Meiosis
Mitosis produces two diploid (2n) somatic cells that are genetically
identical to each other and the original parent cell, whereas meiosis
produces four haploid (n) gametes that are genetically unique from
each other and the original parent (germ) cell.
Number of Chromosomes in Humans...
46
Haploid Number of Chromosomes In Humans
23
Control center of the cell; a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA
and responsible for growth and reproduction
Nucleus
Processes and transports proteins made at attached ribosomes;
synthesizes phospholipids
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)
Fatty acid and steroid synthesis; detoxifies toxic substances
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)
A cell organelle that helps make and package materials to be
transported out of the cell
Golgi Complex
Cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain
materials in the cell
Lysosomes
Produce hydrogen peroxide, detoxifies harmful substances, oxidizes
fatty acids, and protects cell from free radicals
Peroxisomes
- Hollow, cylindrical organelle that disposes of unnecessary and
damaged proteins
- Contain enzymes that break down tagged, targeted proteins into
short peptides and amino acids
Proteasomes
- Located near the nucleus and help to organize cell division
- Form mitotic spindle during mitosis
Centrioles
and answers grade a+ solutions
Cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei containing the
same number of chromosomes
Mitosis
The resting phase of mitosis. Cell grows, performs its normal
functions, and prepares for division; consists of G1, S, and G2
phases
Interphase
Cells that have left the cycle and cease dividing for a long time (or
permanently)
G Zero (G0) Phase
The first gap, or growth phase, of the cell cycle, consisting of the
portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins.
G1 Phase
The synthesis phase of the cell cycle; the portion of interphase
during which DNA is replicated.
S Phase
The second gap, or growth phase, of the cell cycle, consisting of the
portion of interphase after DNA synthesis occurs.
Growth and preparation for mitosis
G2 Phase
First and longest phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes
become visible and the centrioles separate and take up positions on
the opposite sides of the nucleus
Prophase
Second phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes line up across
the center of the cell
Metaphase
The third phase of mitosis, during which the chromosome pairs
separate and move toward opposite poles
Anaphase
The final phase of cell division, between anaphase and interphase, in
which the chromatids or chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell
and two nuclei are formed.
, Telophase
Division of the cytoplasm during cell division
Cytokinesis
Cell division that produces reproductive cells (gametes) in sexually
reproducing organisms
Meiosis
Compare and Contrast Mitosis and Meiosis
Mitosis produces two diploid (2n) somatic cells that are genetically
identical to each other and the original parent cell, whereas meiosis
produces four haploid (n) gametes that are genetically unique from
each other and the original parent (germ) cell.
Number of Chromosomes in Humans...
46
Haploid Number of Chromosomes In Humans
23
Control center of the cell; a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA
and responsible for growth and reproduction
Nucleus
Processes and transports proteins made at attached ribosomes;
synthesizes phospholipids
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)
Fatty acid and steroid synthesis; detoxifies toxic substances
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)
A cell organelle that helps make and package materials to be
transported out of the cell
Golgi Complex
Cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain
materials in the cell
Lysosomes
Produce hydrogen peroxide, detoxifies harmful substances, oxidizes
fatty acids, and protects cell from free radicals
Peroxisomes
- Hollow, cylindrical organelle that disposes of unnecessary and
damaged proteins
- Contain enzymes that break down tagged, targeted proteins into
short peptides and amino acids
Proteasomes
- Located near the nucleus and help to organize cell division
- Form mitotic spindle during mitosis
Centrioles
