Rau's Respiratory Care Pharmacology Module 1 exam 90 Questions and Answers with complete solution

Rau's Respiratory Care Pharmacology Module 1 exam 90 Questions and Answers with complete solution Acetylcholine - Chemical produced by the body that is used in the transmission of nerve impulses. It is destroyed by the enzyme cholinesterase acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) - Respiratory disorder characterized by respiratory insufficiency that may occur as a result of trauma, pneumonia, oxygen toxicity, gram-negative sepsis, and systemic inflammatory response. Adrenergic - Refers to a drug stimulating a receptor for norepinephrine or epinephrine Adrenergic Agents - relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle and bronchodilation, to reduce airway resistance and to improve ventilatory flow rates in airway obstruction resulting from COPD (albuterol) Advantages of Aerosol Delivery Drugs - 1) Smaller Doses 2)Fewer/Less side effects 3)Onset of actions is rapid 4)Drug Delivery is targeted to respiratory 5)Inhalation is painless and relatively convenient 6)Lung provides portal to body for inhaled aerosol agents intended for systemic effect Aerosol Therapy - Delivery of aerosol particles to the lungs Aerosolized agents - Group of aerosol drugs for pulmonary applications that includes adrenergic, anticholinergic, mucoactive, corticosteroid, antiasthmatic, and antiinfective agents and surfactants instilled directly into the trachea. Afferent - Signals that are transmitted to the brain and spinal cord Agonist - Chemical or drug that binds to a receptor adn creates an effect on the body Airway Resistance (Raw) - Measure of the impedance to ventilation caused by the movement of gas through the airway. Antagonist - Chemical or drug that binds to a receptor but does not create an effect on the body; it blocks the receptor site from accepting an agonist Antiadrenergic - Refers to a drug blocking a receptor for norepinephrine or epinephrine Antiasthmatic Agent - Prevention of onset and development of the asthmatic response through inhibition of chemical mediators of inflammation (Cromolyn Sodium, Montelukast) Anticholinergic - Refers to a drug blocking a receptor for acetylcholine Anticholinergic Agents - Relaxation of cholinergically induced bronchoconstriction to improve ventilatory flow rates in COPD and Asthma(ipratropium bromide) bid - twice daily Bioavailability - Amount of drug that reaches the systemic circulation Cascade impactor - Device that uses multiple steps in determining size of aerosol particles cc - ml Central Nervous System - System that includes the brain and spinal cord; controls voluntary and involuntary acts Chemical Name - Name indicating the chemical structure of a drug Cholinergic - Refers to a drug causing stimulation of a receptor for acetylcholine Cholinergic stimulation affects what sites - A ganglion, a parasympathetic nerve ending site, or the neuromuscular junction Chronic obstructive pulmonary Disease - Disease process characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible, is usually progressive, and is associated with an abnormal inflammatory response of the lung to noxious particle or gases Code Name - name assigned by a manufacturer to an experimental chemical that shows potential as a drug. Corticosteroids - Reduction and control of airway inflammatory response usually associated with asthma or with seasonal or chronic rhinitis(Flunisolide) Cysitic fibrosis symptoms - Increased electrolytes in the sweat, chronic respiratory infection, and pancreatic insufficiency cystic fibrosis (CF) - inherited disorder of exocrine glands resulting in thick mucinous secretions in the respiratory tract that do not drain normally Define Aerosol - Suspension of liquid or solid particles 0.001 to 100 micrometers in diameter in a carrier gas Define Agonist - Chemical or drug that binds to a receptor and creates an effect on the body Define controls of the parasympathetic nervous system - essential to life, controls day-to-day body functions of digestion Deposition - Process by which particles deposit out of suspension to remain in the lung Diseases that cause airflow limitation include - chronic bronchitis Emphysema Asthma Bronchiectasis Drug Administration - Method by which a drug is made available to the body Drug Administration - Method by which a drug is made available to the body Drug delivered by oral or nasal inhalation are intended to - provide a local topical treatment of the respiratory tract Drug Dosage Form - Is the physical state of the drug in association with non-drug components Efferent - Signals that are transmitted from the brain and spinal cord Enteral - Use of the intestine First-Pass Effect - Initial metabolism in the liver of a drug taken orally before the drug reaches the systemic circulation Generic Name - Name assigned to a chemical by the United States Adopted Name (USAN) Council when the chemical appears to have therapeutic use and the manufacturer wishes to market the drug.