(UMGC) PSYC 100 Introduction to Psychology Final Exam Guide Q & A 2024.

PSYC 100 Introduction to Psychology Final Exam Guid e Q & A 2024 1. Multiple Choice: Which theory of personality focuses on the interaction between individual traits and situational behavior? a) Trait theory b) Psychodynamic theory c) Social cognitive theory d) Humanistic theory Correct Answer : c) Social cognitive theory Rationale: Social cognitive theory emphasizes the importance of observational learnin g, imitation, and modeling, which aligns with the interaction between individual traits and situational behavior. 2. Fill -in-the-Blank: The ________ effect is a phenomenon where individuals improve or modify an aspect of their behavior in response to their awareness of being observed. Correct Answer : Hawthorne Rationale: The Hawthorne effect refers to the alteration of behavior by the subjects of a study due to their awareness of being observed. 3. True/False: The James -Lange theory of emotion state s that emotional experience is the result of physiological reactions. Correct Answer : True Rationale: The James -Lange theory proposes that emotions occur as a result of physiological reactions to events. 4. Multiple Choice: In the context of develop mental psychology, the term 'scaffolding' is best associated with which theorist? a) Jean Piaget b) Lev Vygotsky c) Erik Erikson d) Lawrence Kohlberg Correct Answer : b) Lev Vygotsky Rationale: Vygotsky's concept of scaffolding involves a more knowledgeable other providing support to facilitate the learner's development. 5. Fill -in-the-Blank: The ________ is a well -known psychological model that outlines five basic dimensions of hu man personality. Correct Answer : Big Five Rationale: The Big Five model posits five broad dimensions of personality: openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. 6. True/False: In operant conditioning, negative reinforc ement involves the removal of an unpleasant stimulus to increase a behavior. Correct Answer : True Rationale: Negative reinforcement strengthens a behavior because it stops or removes an unpleasant experience.