ABPD QE REVIEW EXAM LATEST
UPDATE
What is the purpose of the Herbst appliance? - ANSWER To correct
skeletal class II malocclusion
Displaces the mandible forward with lower dental protraction.
Distalizes upper molars and restrains the maxilla
Cervical-pull headgear is used for what purpose? - ANSWER
Optimizes molar distalization and extrusion
Decreases overbite (so avoid with dolichofacial patients)
A point moves 0.5-1mm distal, lower face height increases
High-pull headgear is used for what purpose? - ANSWER Optimizes
restraint of maxillary growth
Minimizes vertical eruptive development
Enhances overbite
Relatively intrudes maxillary molars (so avoid in brachyfacial
patients)
When is disking of primary canines indicated?
How much space per side can be achieved? - ANSWER Less than
3-4mm of incisor crowding, laterals are actively erupting, incisors
are lingually malpositioned
1-2mm per side
When is extraction of the primary canines indicated? - ANSWER
Incisor liability over 4mm
Distorted incisor positioning
,Asymmetric ectopic loss of primary canine
Placement of LLHA strongly recommended
Genetic disorder
Four levels of severity- perinatal, infantile, childhood, adult
Premature loss of deciduous teeth (fully rooted)
Abnormal cementum
Abnormally large pulp chambers
Deficient/defective alkaline phosphatase - ANSWER
Hypophosphatasia
Anatomy of primary teeth - ANSWER Thinner enamel and dentin
Larger pulp horns in relation to crown
Pulp horns closer to DEJ (esp. MB)
Enamel rods in gingival third extend in occlusal direction from DEJ
More prominent cervical constriction
Broader, flatter contact areas
Whiter in color, dentin is lighter
Shallower pits and fissures
More narrow occlusal table
Teeth present at birth?
Teeth present within 30 days of life? - ANSWER Natal teeth
Neonatal teeth
3:1 natal:neonatal
Mucus gland tissue found on buccal and lingual aspects of maxillary
alveolar ridge - ANSWER Bohn's nodules
,Dental lamina remnants found on the crest of the alveolar ridge -
ANSWER Dental lamina cysts
Trapped epithelial remnants found on the midpalatal raphe -
ANSWER Epstein pearls
Firm pink to red mass
Arises from alveolar mucosa at birth
Most common site is maxillary lateral and canine region
Females>males
Maxilla>mandible - ANSWER Congenital epulis of newborn
Abortive attempt by single tooth to divide; bifid crown with single root
and pulp chamber.
Clinical Dx- extra crown - ANSWER Gemination
Complete cleavage of single bud results in supernumerary mirror
image tooth - ANSWER Twinning
More common in primary dentition
Dentinal union of two teeth
Separate pulp chambers
Large bifid crown
Normal complement of crowns - ANSWER Fusion
Fusion occurs after root formation is complete
Etiology- trauma, crowding - ANSWER Concresence
Unilateral microtia
Failure of formation of mandibular ramus and condyle
Frequent eye and skeletal involvement
50% have cardiac pathology- VSD, PDA - ANSWER Hemifacial
, microsomia
Goldenhar syndrome
Intellectual disability
Shortening of cranial base
Underdeveloped mandible, overdeveloped maxilla
Tongue enlargement, marked crenations
Congenital hypothyroidism - ANSWER Cretinisim
What is the etiology of taurodontism? - ANSWER Failure of
invagination of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath
During what stage of tooth development do taurodonts, dens in
dente, and dens evaginatus occur? - ANSWER Morphodifferentiation
Marfanoid body, narrow facies, full lips
Mucosal neuromas of lips, tongue, buccal mucosa and gingiva
Medullary carcinoma of thyroid
Pheochromocytoma - ANSWER Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B
What are the two most common types of ectodermal dysplasia -
ANSWER Hidrotic and hypohidrotic
What is the most common inheritance pattern of ectodermal
dysplasia?
What is the prevalence of the most common form of ED? - ANSWER
X-linked recessive
1:100,000
What are the four common characteristic defects of ectodermal
dysplasia? - ANSWER Hair, sweat glands, teeth, nails
UPDATE
What is the purpose of the Herbst appliance? - ANSWER To correct
skeletal class II malocclusion
Displaces the mandible forward with lower dental protraction.
Distalizes upper molars and restrains the maxilla
Cervical-pull headgear is used for what purpose? - ANSWER
Optimizes molar distalization and extrusion
Decreases overbite (so avoid with dolichofacial patients)
A point moves 0.5-1mm distal, lower face height increases
High-pull headgear is used for what purpose? - ANSWER Optimizes
restraint of maxillary growth
Minimizes vertical eruptive development
Enhances overbite
Relatively intrudes maxillary molars (so avoid in brachyfacial
patients)
When is disking of primary canines indicated?
How much space per side can be achieved? - ANSWER Less than
3-4mm of incisor crowding, laterals are actively erupting, incisors
are lingually malpositioned
1-2mm per side
When is extraction of the primary canines indicated? - ANSWER
Incisor liability over 4mm
Distorted incisor positioning
,Asymmetric ectopic loss of primary canine
Placement of LLHA strongly recommended
Genetic disorder
Four levels of severity- perinatal, infantile, childhood, adult
Premature loss of deciduous teeth (fully rooted)
Abnormal cementum
Abnormally large pulp chambers
Deficient/defective alkaline phosphatase - ANSWER
Hypophosphatasia
Anatomy of primary teeth - ANSWER Thinner enamel and dentin
Larger pulp horns in relation to crown
Pulp horns closer to DEJ (esp. MB)
Enamel rods in gingival third extend in occlusal direction from DEJ
More prominent cervical constriction
Broader, flatter contact areas
Whiter in color, dentin is lighter
Shallower pits and fissures
More narrow occlusal table
Teeth present at birth?
Teeth present within 30 days of life? - ANSWER Natal teeth
Neonatal teeth
3:1 natal:neonatal
Mucus gland tissue found on buccal and lingual aspects of maxillary
alveolar ridge - ANSWER Bohn's nodules
,Dental lamina remnants found on the crest of the alveolar ridge -
ANSWER Dental lamina cysts
Trapped epithelial remnants found on the midpalatal raphe -
ANSWER Epstein pearls
Firm pink to red mass
Arises from alveolar mucosa at birth
Most common site is maxillary lateral and canine region
Females>males
Maxilla>mandible - ANSWER Congenital epulis of newborn
Abortive attempt by single tooth to divide; bifid crown with single root
and pulp chamber.
Clinical Dx- extra crown - ANSWER Gemination
Complete cleavage of single bud results in supernumerary mirror
image tooth - ANSWER Twinning
More common in primary dentition
Dentinal union of two teeth
Separate pulp chambers
Large bifid crown
Normal complement of crowns - ANSWER Fusion
Fusion occurs after root formation is complete
Etiology- trauma, crowding - ANSWER Concresence
Unilateral microtia
Failure of formation of mandibular ramus and condyle
Frequent eye and skeletal involvement
50% have cardiac pathology- VSD, PDA - ANSWER Hemifacial
, microsomia
Goldenhar syndrome
Intellectual disability
Shortening of cranial base
Underdeveloped mandible, overdeveloped maxilla
Tongue enlargement, marked crenations
Congenital hypothyroidism - ANSWER Cretinisim
What is the etiology of taurodontism? - ANSWER Failure of
invagination of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath
During what stage of tooth development do taurodonts, dens in
dente, and dens evaginatus occur? - ANSWER Morphodifferentiation
Marfanoid body, narrow facies, full lips
Mucosal neuromas of lips, tongue, buccal mucosa and gingiva
Medullary carcinoma of thyroid
Pheochromocytoma - ANSWER Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B
What are the two most common types of ectodermal dysplasia -
ANSWER Hidrotic and hypohidrotic
What is the most common inheritance pattern of ectodermal
dysplasia?
What is the prevalence of the most common form of ED? - ANSWER
X-linked recessive
1:100,000
What are the four common characteristic defects of ectodermal
dysplasia? - ANSWER Hair, sweat glands, teeth, nails
