HRM 2019
Human Resource management
Inhoud
Introductie: HRM in een snel veranderende wereld (geen leerstof)......................................................5
Wat is HR?..........................................................................................................................................7
Deel 1: HRM, anders dan gewoon personeelsbeleid..............................................................................9
Thema’s naar prioriteit van HR...........................................................................................................9
Personeelsbeleid 1945-1995 Personeelsbeleid of non-beleid?........................................................10
Taylorisme= scientific management:............................................................................................10
Wat HRM anders maakt dan het personeelsbeleid van de jaren ’90................................................11
1) Menselijk kapitaal als bron van opbrengsten...........................................................................11
2) Verankering van HRM in de ondernemingsstrategie................................................................13
3) Uitbreiding van de rollen die HR moet vervullen......................................................................15
4) Een nieuwe taakverdeling in de HR community.......................................................................18
5) Aandacht voor interne consistentie..........................................................................................21
6) Integratie van werknemers- en organisatiebelang...................................................................22
Werving en selectie..........................................................................................................................24
Een procesoverzicht......................................................................................................................24
Wat mag er in vacatures staan?...................................................................................................25
Conflicten sollicitatiefase..............................................................................................................26
Deel 2: Personeelsplanning..................................................................................................................28
Evoluties in vraag en aanbod van arbeid..........................................................................................28
Een basismodel.................................................................................................................................29
Personeelsverloop........................................................................................................................31
Bedrijfsdemografie.......................................................................................................................32
Nuances over oudere werknemers...............................................................................................33
Problematieken met ouder werknemersbestand.........................................................................36
Arbeidsmarktscanning......................................................................................................................36
Afvloeiingsplan.................................................................................................................................36
Flexibiliteitsplan................................................................................................................................37
De instrumenten...........................................................................................................................37
Keuze benodigde capaciteit..........................................................................................................37
Deel 3: Werving van personeel.............................................................................................................39
Interne of externe werving...............................................................................................................39
Formele of informele wervingskanalen............................................................................................40
1
,HRM 2019
Formele wervingskanalen............................................................................................................40
Informele wervingskanalen..........................................................................................................41
Post-hire effecten.............................................................................................................................41
Vrijwillig verloop...........................................................................................................................41
Prestatieniveau.............................................................................................................................41
Social media..................................................................................................................................42
Deel 4: Functieanalyse..........................................................................................................................43
Van functieanalyse tot predictor......................................................................................................43
Operationele predictoren.............................................................................................................44
Conceptuele predictoren..............................................................................................................44
..............................................................................................................................................................46
Deel 4: Selectietechnieken...................................................................................................................47
Pro................................................................................................................................................47
Contra of eerder risico’s...............................................................................................................47
Sample-perspectief...........................................................................................................................48
Psychologische test...........................................................................................................................50
Types............................................................................................................................................50
Kwaliteitsvoorwaarden.................................................................................................................50
Volgens sign model...........................................................................................................................52
Contra...........................................................................................................................................52
Volgens sample model..................................................................................................................52
Pro................................................................................................................................................52
Interview op basis van ‘puzzlers’..................................................................................................53
Types situationele tests................................................................................................................55
Assessment center (SAMPLE benadering)........................................................................................56
Componenten...............................................................................................................................57
Fase 1: Inventarisering..................................................................................................................57
Fase 4: Eindevaluatie....................................................................................................................59
Studie Schmidt en Hunter.................................................................................................................60
Deel 5: Personeelsbeoordeling.............................................................................................................61
Prestatiebeoordeling........................................................................................................................61
Functioneringsbeoordeling (functioneringsgesprekken)..................................................................61
Potentieelbeoordeling......................................................................................................................62
Fouten in beoordelingen..................................................................................................................62
Systeemtechnische criteria...........................................................................................................62
Beoordelingstendenties................................................................................................................63
2
,HRM 2019
Objectieve criteria........................................................................................................................63
Subjectieve criteria.......................................................................................................................64
Rating of ranking?.........................................................................................................................64
Vergelijkende methoden..................................................................................................................64
Rangschikking...............................................................................................................................64
Paarsgewijze vergelijking..............................................................................................................65
Gedwongen verdeling...................................................................................................................65
Absolute methoden..........................................................................................................................66
Waarderingsschaal.......................................................................................................................66
Wie beoordeelt?...............................................................................................................................68
Single-rater system.......................................................................................................................68
Multi-rater systemen - 360° Feedback..........................................................................................68
Deel 6: Beloningsvormen......................................................................................................................70
Functieloon.......................................................................................................................................70
Functiewaarderingen....................................................................................................................70
Functieloon kritische reflectie......................................................................................................73
Verloning naar anciënniteit..............................................................................................................73
Voordelen.....................................................................................................................................74
Nadelen........................................................................................................................................74
Loonspanning voor arbeiders.......................................................................................................75
Loonspanning voor bedienden.....................................................................................................76
Aandachts- en zorgpunten............................................................................................................76
Conclusies.....................................................................................................................................76
Directe vormen van prestatiebeloning.............................................................................................77
Stuk- of commissieloon.................................................................................................................77
Indirecte vormen van prestatiebeloning..........................................................................................79
Merit pay......................................................................................................................................79
Verwachtingstheorie (Vroom)......................................................................................................80
Competenties als grondslag..............................................................................................................84
Flexibel belonen...............................................................................................................................85
Functies van beloningssystemen (belangrijk)...................................................................................86
Deel Pieter Timmermans......................................................................................................................86
Thema 1: Sociaal overleg-structuur......................................................................................................86
Wat is sociaal overleg?.....................................................................................................................86
Historiek.......................................................................................................................................87
Organisatie...................................................................................................................................88
3
, HRM 2019
Benckmark....................................................................................................................................96
SWOT............................................................................................................................................98
S (trenght): onze sterktes.............................................................................................................98
Uitdagingen: hoe relevant blijven in deze tijd..................................................................................99
Tips van/voor de onderhandelaar..................................................................................................100
Do’s en don’ts: zijn ervaringen...................................................................................................100
Setting the scene............................................................................................................................101
Terugblik: van de Code Napoleon naar het 21 eeuwse arbeidsrecht.............................................101
Proces van gelijkschakeling.............................................................................................................101
Verschillen tussen arbeiders en bedienden....................................................................................102
Niet alle verschillen zijn discriminatie.............................................................................................104
Wet Eenheidsstatuut......................................................................................................................104
Impact op HRM...............................................................................................................................106
1. Competitiviteit............................................................................................................................110
1.1. Wat is competitiviteit?.........................................................................................................110
1.2. Is ons land competitief?.......................................................................................................110
1.3. Zijn onze bedrijven competitief?.........................................................................................113
2. Hoe kostencompetitiviteit verbeteren ?.....................................................................................114
2.1. Loonnorm: Wat – waarom – hoe – wie?..............................................................................114
1.2. Tax shift................................................................................................................................116
1.3 Vennootschapsbelasting.......................................................................................................118
1.4 Compensation and Benefits..................................................................................................119
2. Conclusie....................................................................................................................................119
Waarover gaat het?........................................................................................................................120
Bedreiging?.....................................................................................................................................121
Geen reden tot paniek:...............................................................................................................121
Realistische impact?.......................................................................................................................122
Opportuniteiten!............................................................................................................................123
Actie!..............................................................................................................................................124
Conclusie........................................................................................................................................126
4
Human Resource management
Inhoud
Introductie: HRM in een snel veranderende wereld (geen leerstof)......................................................5
Wat is HR?..........................................................................................................................................7
Deel 1: HRM, anders dan gewoon personeelsbeleid..............................................................................9
Thema’s naar prioriteit van HR...........................................................................................................9
Personeelsbeleid 1945-1995 Personeelsbeleid of non-beleid?........................................................10
Taylorisme= scientific management:............................................................................................10
Wat HRM anders maakt dan het personeelsbeleid van de jaren ’90................................................11
1) Menselijk kapitaal als bron van opbrengsten...........................................................................11
2) Verankering van HRM in de ondernemingsstrategie................................................................13
3) Uitbreiding van de rollen die HR moet vervullen......................................................................15
4) Een nieuwe taakverdeling in de HR community.......................................................................18
5) Aandacht voor interne consistentie..........................................................................................21
6) Integratie van werknemers- en organisatiebelang...................................................................22
Werving en selectie..........................................................................................................................24
Een procesoverzicht......................................................................................................................24
Wat mag er in vacatures staan?...................................................................................................25
Conflicten sollicitatiefase..............................................................................................................26
Deel 2: Personeelsplanning..................................................................................................................28
Evoluties in vraag en aanbod van arbeid..........................................................................................28
Een basismodel.................................................................................................................................29
Personeelsverloop........................................................................................................................31
Bedrijfsdemografie.......................................................................................................................32
Nuances over oudere werknemers...............................................................................................33
Problematieken met ouder werknemersbestand.........................................................................36
Arbeidsmarktscanning......................................................................................................................36
Afvloeiingsplan.................................................................................................................................36
Flexibiliteitsplan................................................................................................................................37
De instrumenten...........................................................................................................................37
Keuze benodigde capaciteit..........................................................................................................37
Deel 3: Werving van personeel.............................................................................................................39
Interne of externe werving...............................................................................................................39
Formele of informele wervingskanalen............................................................................................40
1
,HRM 2019
Formele wervingskanalen............................................................................................................40
Informele wervingskanalen..........................................................................................................41
Post-hire effecten.............................................................................................................................41
Vrijwillig verloop...........................................................................................................................41
Prestatieniveau.............................................................................................................................41
Social media..................................................................................................................................42
Deel 4: Functieanalyse..........................................................................................................................43
Van functieanalyse tot predictor......................................................................................................43
Operationele predictoren.............................................................................................................44
Conceptuele predictoren..............................................................................................................44
..............................................................................................................................................................46
Deel 4: Selectietechnieken...................................................................................................................47
Pro................................................................................................................................................47
Contra of eerder risico’s...............................................................................................................47
Sample-perspectief...........................................................................................................................48
Psychologische test...........................................................................................................................50
Types............................................................................................................................................50
Kwaliteitsvoorwaarden.................................................................................................................50
Volgens sign model...........................................................................................................................52
Contra...........................................................................................................................................52
Volgens sample model..................................................................................................................52
Pro................................................................................................................................................52
Interview op basis van ‘puzzlers’..................................................................................................53
Types situationele tests................................................................................................................55
Assessment center (SAMPLE benadering)........................................................................................56
Componenten...............................................................................................................................57
Fase 1: Inventarisering..................................................................................................................57
Fase 4: Eindevaluatie....................................................................................................................59
Studie Schmidt en Hunter.................................................................................................................60
Deel 5: Personeelsbeoordeling.............................................................................................................61
Prestatiebeoordeling........................................................................................................................61
Functioneringsbeoordeling (functioneringsgesprekken)..................................................................61
Potentieelbeoordeling......................................................................................................................62
Fouten in beoordelingen..................................................................................................................62
Systeemtechnische criteria...........................................................................................................62
Beoordelingstendenties................................................................................................................63
2
,HRM 2019
Objectieve criteria........................................................................................................................63
Subjectieve criteria.......................................................................................................................64
Rating of ranking?.........................................................................................................................64
Vergelijkende methoden..................................................................................................................64
Rangschikking...............................................................................................................................64
Paarsgewijze vergelijking..............................................................................................................65
Gedwongen verdeling...................................................................................................................65
Absolute methoden..........................................................................................................................66
Waarderingsschaal.......................................................................................................................66
Wie beoordeelt?...............................................................................................................................68
Single-rater system.......................................................................................................................68
Multi-rater systemen - 360° Feedback..........................................................................................68
Deel 6: Beloningsvormen......................................................................................................................70
Functieloon.......................................................................................................................................70
Functiewaarderingen....................................................................................................................70
Functieloon kritische reflectie......................................................................................................73
Verloning naar anciënniteit..............................................................................................................73
Voordelen.....................................................................................................................................74
Nadelen........................................................................................................................................74
Loonspanning voor arbeiders.......................................................................................................75
Loonspanning voor bedienden.....................................................................................................76
Aandachts- en zorgpunten............................................................................................................76
Conclusies.....................................................................................................................................76
Directe vormen van prestatiebeloning.............................................................................................77
Stuk- of commissieloon.................................................................................................................77
Indirecte vormen van prestatiebeloning..........................................................................................79
Merit pay......................................................................................................................................79
Verwachtingstheorie (Vroom)......................................................................................................80
Competenties als grondslag..............................................................................................................84
Flexibel belonen...............................................................................................................................85
Functies van beloningssystemen (belangrijk)...................................................................................86
Deel Pieter Timmermans......................................................................................................................86
Thema 1: Sociaal overleg-structuur......................................................................................................86
Wat is sociaal overleg?.....................................................................................................................86
Historiek.......................................................................................................................................87
Organisatie...................................................................................................................................88
3
, HRM 2019
Benckmark....................................................................................................................................96
SWOT............................................................................................................................................98
S (trenght): onze sterktes.............................................................................................................98
Uitdagingen: hoe relevant blijven in deze tijd..................................................................................99
Tips van/voor de onderhandelaar..................................................................................................100
Do’s en don’ts: zijn ervaringen...................................................................................................100
Setting the scene............................................................................................................................101
Terugblik: van de Code Napoleon naar het 21 eeuwse arbeidsrecht.............................................101
Proces van gelijkschakeling.............................................................................................................101
Verschillen tussen arbeiders en bedienden....................................................................................102
Niet alle verschillen zijn discriminatie.............................................................................................104
Wet Eenheidsstatuut......................................................................................................................104
Impact op HRM...............................................................................................................................106
1. Competitiviteit............................................................................................................................110
1.1. Wat is competitiviteit?.........................................................................................................110
1.2. Is ons land competitief?.......................................................................................................110
1.3. Zijn onze bedrijven competitief?.........................................................................................113
2. Hoe kostencompetitiviteit verbeteren ?.....................................................................................114
2.1. Loonnorm: Wat – waarom – hoe – wie?..............................................................................114
1.2. Tax shift................................................................................................................................116
1.3 Vennootschapsbelasting.......................................................................................................118
1.4 Compensation and Benefits..................................................................................................119
2. Conclusie....................................................................................................................................119
Waarover gaat het?........................................................................................................................120
Bedreiging?.....................................................................................................................................121
Geen reden tot paniek:...............................................................................................................121
Realistische impact?.......................................................................................................................122
Opportuniteiten!............................................................................................................................123
Actie!..............................................................................................................................................124
Conclusie........................................................................................................................................126
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