HESI A2 Grammar Verified Exam 2024 Questions and Answers

HESI A2 Grammar Verified Exam 2024 Questions and Answers Eight parts of speech Nouns , Pronouns, Adjectives, Verbs, Adverbs, Prepositions, Conjunctions, Interjections. Noun Names a person, place or thing e.g. church, writer Common noun General not particular name of person, place, or thing ex. nurse hospital syringe Proper noun The official name of a person, place, or thing. e.g. Abraham Lincoln Always capitalized Abstract Noun Names a quality or general idea e.g. persistence, democracy Collective Noun Represents a group of persons, animals, or things. Ex. Family, flock, furniture Pronoun A word that takes the place of a noun, another pronoun, or a groups of words acting together as a noun. E.G. their, them Antecedent The word of group of words to which a pronoun refers Ex students is the antecedent for pro nouns their and them (students wanted their test papers graded and returned to them in a timely manner) Personal Pronoun Refers to a specific person, place, thing, or idea indicating the person speaking (first (speaking) , second(spoken to), third(talked about) Either plural or singular We(1st plural) were going to ask you (2nd singular) to give them (3rd plural) a ride to the office Possessive Pronoun A form of personal noun that shows possession or ownership. e. g. my, mine, his Ex. This is my book or that book is mine or that is his book Do not contain apostrophe Where to use pronouns ending in Self Only at end when noun to relate it back to or at the beginning ex. I myself did......., or Sara did ......herself. No such words as hisself, theirself, theirselves Adjective Word, Phrase, or clause that modifies a noun or pronoun. e.g. He is nice. (nice is the adjective) Answers the question what kind, which one, how many, or how much. How can verbs, pronouns, and nouns act as adjectives Verbs as function adjectives are participle usually ending in -ing or -ed. Ex. Verb: the scowling professor, the worried student, the broken pencil Ex. Pronoun: my book, your clas, that book, this class E: the professor's class, the biology class Participle Type of verb form usually ending in -ing or -ed. e.g. the absent-minded professor Verb Phrase used to express an action or state of being. Express time through tense e.g. Mary works. 3 types of tense Present- Mary works Past- Mary worked Future- Mary will work Linking verbs Verbs that link, join, the subject of a sentence to a a noun, pronoun, or predicate adjective. Does not show action. Forms of the verb 'to be': am, is, are, was, were, being, been Forms of the verb relate to senses: look, sound, smell, feel, and taste Forms of verb relate to state of being: seem, become, grows, turn, prove, and remain Adverb A word, phrase, or clause that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another verb. e.g. The physician operates quickly( quickly is adverb) Preposition A word showing the relationship of a noun or pronoun to some other word in the sentence. e.g. in, from, about Compound preposition Preposition made up of more than one word Prepositional phrase Group of words that begin with a preposition and ends with a noun or pronoun (called the object of the preposition) Ex. Sam left the classroom at(preposition) noon Conjunction A word that joins words, phrases, or clauses. Coordinating conjunction examples And but or so nor for and yet Correlative conjunction Conjunctions that work in pairs to join words or phrases. e.g. Neither, nor ( neither the pharmacist nor her Assistant could read the physicans handwriting) Stay in pairs- either and or, neither and nor(not mixed) Subordinating conjunctions Sometimes join two clauses or thoughts Ex. While the nurse was in vacation, the hospital flooded (While is the conjunction- joins the 2 parts with a comma) Interjection Word or phrase that expresses emotion or exclamation. e.g. Yikes!, Whew! Yikes, that test was hard Clause Group of words that has a subject and a predicate. Independent clause Expresses a complete thought, stands alone as a sentence. E.G. The professor distributed examinations. Dependent clause Does not express a complete thought, cannot stand alone as a sentence. Begins with a subordinating conjunction. e.g. As soon as the students were seated Rules for commas for independent and dependent clauses When a sentence starts with a dependent clause, separate it with a comma then the independent clause When the dependent clause is at the end of the sentence no comma is needed Direct obejct Person or thing directly affected by the action of the verb. Answers the what or whom after transitive verb - The 'professor' distributed examinations as soon as the students were seated. The professor answers whom the students watched Indirect object Person or thing that is indirectly affected by the action of the verb. Can only have indirect verb if it has a direct verb Answers to whom, to what, or for what after action verb Comes between the verb and direct object - the professor have the class the test results.?'his class' is the indirect verb- comes between gave (verb) and test results( direct object) Phrase Group of two or more words that act as a single part of speech in a sentence. Can be noun, adjective, or adverb Lacks subject and predicate Predicate Tells what the subject does or is done to the subject. Includes verb and all words that modify verb Predicate adjective Follows a linking verb and helps to explain the subject. e.g. My professors are wonderful (wonderful is the predicate adjective) Predicate Nominative Noun or Pronoun that follows a linking verb and helps explain or rename the subject. Ex: Professors are teachers. (teachers is the predicate nominative) Sentence Group of words that expresses a complete thought. Include a subject and a predicate 4 sentences: declarative, interrogative, imperative, exclamatory Declarative A sentence that makes a statement. Ex I went to the store Interrogative A sentence that asks a question.