Pharmacology Penn Foster Veterinary Technician Questions and answers latest update

Pharmacology Penn Foster Veterinary Technician Questions and answers latest update Pharmacokinetics When a drug enters the body Pharmacodynamics How drugs exert effects 7 Routes of Administration Oral, IV, IM, SC, intraperitoneal, intraarterial, intradermal Agonist, Partial Agonist, and Antagonist Perfect Fit, Almost Fits, Blocks Action Affinity vs. Efficacy How well it binds to receptor (Agonist vs. Antagonist) vs. how well the drug performs Trade Name Vs. Genetic Name Trade - patented name (rimadyl) vs. Genetic - unpatented/generic (carprofen) 6 Drug Label Requirements Generic Name, Concentration, Quantity, Controlled?, Manufacturer Info, Expiration Date. Injection Routes from fastest onset to slowest IV, SC, IM Injection Routes from longest duration to shortest SC, IM, IV Symapthetic vs. Para-sympathetic Energy expending activites (Increase heart rate), Energy conserving ( decrease heart rate) Stimulation of Sympathetic vs Para-sympathetic Fight or Flight vs. Calm Down Cholinergic vs Anticholinergic Stimulate parasympathetic (increase GI motility) vs preventing stimulation (decrease GI motility) Adrenergic Agents Excites Alpha Receptors and inhibits beta receptors (stimulates heart beat through sympathetic) CNS Depression Drugs Sedate, Control Seizures, Control Pain CNS Stimulation Drugs Treat respiration/cardiac depression or reverse depression drugs Barbituates CNS Depression Drug, always controlled, no reversal available, rapidly absorbed into brain and fat, do not use in sight hounds (no fat), and used in euthanasia solution Expectorant Respiratory Drug - muscous secreting gland (dilutes secretions)- cough syrup Mucolytics Alter mucous composition - breaks down mucous thickness Antitussives inhibits non productive cough, example is butorphanol or hydrocodone 4 types of Diuretics Loop, Osmotic, Thiazine, Potassium Sparing Loop vs. Osmotic Increase excretion of sodium and water to inhibit reabsorption vs increase excretion of water to increase pressure to limit reabsorption Thiazide vs. Potassium Sparing block absorption of sodium, chloride and water vs. block aldosterone by excreting potassium and reabsorbing sodium Four Types of Cardiac Disease Valvular Disease, Arrhythmias, Myocardial, Congential Chronotropic vs. Inotropic positive - increase heart rate: negative - decrease vs positive - increase strength of contraction: negative decrease Catecholamines increase cardiac output and BP but decrease strength of contraction to allow speed. Emetics vs. Antiemetics Cause vomiting vs prevent vomiting 3 causes of diarrhea Parasites, hyperscretion, and osmotic overload