Penn Foster Veterinary Pharmacology Final Exam | Questions with 100% Correct Answers | Verified | Latest Update 2024

Penn Foster Veterinary Pharmacology Final Exam | Questions with 100% Correct Answers | Verified | Latest Update 2024 Distinguish between hormonal, endocrine, and reproductive drugs Describe how drugs affect the nervous system Drugs affect the nervous system by acting at the synaptic junctions to promote neurotransmitter's activity, mimic their actions, or block them from acting. Identify examples of respiratory drugs Expectorants, mucolytics, antitussives, bronchodilators, decongestants List which drugs are used to relieve pain and inflammation NSAIDs, Opioids, Antihistamines, muscle relaxers, steroids, nerve blocks Summarize the difference between ophthalmic and otic drugs Compare and contrast cardiovascular and gastrointestinal drugs Describe how antiparasitic drugs work Antiparasitic drugs work by destroying parasites or inhibiting their growth. Most work by interfering with the parasite's nervous system to prevent them from moving. Discuss why replacement drugs are often necessary for animal health Explain the veterinary technician's role in inventory control keeping the staff informed regarding discontinued items, knowing the dates on which backordered items will be released from the vendor, packing up goods awaiting return to the vendor (e.g., expired items), rotating stock correctly, maintaining current prices on all products, organizing inventory for ease of location and counting, receiving and inspecting orders on arrival at the veterinary facility, and learning about new products. Define: Agonist Drug that has affinity for a receptor/stimulates receptor into action Define: Contraindication A reason not to use a drug in a particular situation Define: Efficacy the degree to which a drug produces its desired response. Define: Over-the-counter drug One that may be purchased without prescription from a veterinarian Define: Prescription Drug One that must be used under the supervision of a veterinarina Define: Receptor a group of specialized molecules on or in a cell that bind with a drug to produce an effect Define: Therapeutic Index expresses the relationship between a drug's therapeutic and harmful effects Define: Withdrawl Time Amount of time that must elapse between the end of drug therapy and elimination of that drug from patients tissues or products Define: Veterinarian-client-patient relationship Relationship that must exist between the vet, the patient, and the owner before prescription drugs can be dispensed. List 4 sources of drugs used in Vet Med Animal product, plant material, minerals, synthetic products What are 4 components of a drug regimen? Dose, route, frequency, and duration of administration. Discuss the conditions that must be met before a valid veterinarian-client-patient relationship can be shown to exist must assume responsibility for making clinical judgments in relation to health of the animal. 2. Vet must have recently seen the animal and be acquainted with it's care. 3.Vet must be available for follow-up care of the animal Discuss the responsibilities of a vet tech in the administration of drug orders To carry out the vet's orders correctly. should read the drug label three times to ensure proper drug is being administered and should take care to administer correct dose by correct route. Should be aware of the expected affects and potential adverse side effects and be able to monitor the patient. Describe the sequence of events that a drug undergoes from administration to excretion Drug is absorbed (or placed directly) into the bloodstream, the drug may bind with plasma in the blood or may exist in free state, circulating blood distributes drug to capillary level where it leaves circulation and enters interstitial fluid. it bathes the cell and allows drug to bind to cell surface receptors or enter the cell. It then exits the cell and moves back into interstitial fluid, reenters circulation, and is transported to liver for metabolism. The metabolite is then transported to kidneys for excretion. List 11 possible routes for administering a drug to a patient. Oral, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, intraperitoneal, intraarterial, intracardiac, intramedullary, inhalation, topical, intradermal List some of the factors that influence drug absorption Method of absorption, pH of the drug and ionization status, absorptive surface area, blood supply to area, solubility of drug, dosage form, status of GI tract, and interactions with other drugs Most biotransformation occurs in the_____ Liver Most drug excretion occurs via the ______ Kidneys Drugs usually produce their effects by combining with specific cellular_____ Receptors The drug name chosen by the manufacturer and is exclusive property of that company is called Trade/Proprietary Name What are the 6 items that must be included on drug label? names (generic and trade) concentration, quantity, name and address of manufacturer, control or lot number, expiration date What are three government agencies that regulate the development, approval, and use of animal health products? FDA, EPA, USDA Why do many vet clinics dispense rather than prescribe most of the drugs that they use? Profit earned from selling products Describe the marketing of animal health products Purchased from manufacturers, distributors, or generic mail order companies. May be sold only one label to graduate veterinarians and under another as over-the-counter all FDA-approved veterinary drugs are listed in the publication entitled_____ The Green Book What is the purpose of FARAD? Provides resources concerning the avoidance of drug residues in animals Extralabel veterinary drug use was made legal (under prescribed circumstances) by what act of congress? Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act (AMDUCA) Define Compounding Diluting or combingin existing drugs What are potential dangers of residues in animal products May cause allergic reaction or neoplasia in people, may cause the development of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria List 3 classes of drug interactions Pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, and pharmaceutic Drug interaction can be anticipated when two drugs are given that are both metabolized by the_____ Liver Define: Ethical Product one sold only through veterinarians as a policy of the manufacturer rather than by FDA requirement Once a drug has been biotransformed, it is called a_____ Metabolite A reason to use a drug is a(n)_____ Indication Diagnostic method of choosing a drug is based on all of the following except a. Practical experience b. Assesment of the patient c. Obtaining a history d. Performing lab tests A. Practical experience. Define: extralabel Using a drug in a way not specified by the label Complex sequence of events that occurs after a drug is administered is called____ Pharmacokinetics Parenteral drugs are administered________ by injections. The body's ability to change a drug chemically from the form in which it was administered into a form that can be eliminated from the body is called_____ Metabolism (biotransformation) Degree to which a drug produces its desired response in a patient is called________ efficacy An adverse drug reaction is always life-threatening. T/F? False List the six practices recommended by the AVMA for the safe disposal of unwanted drugs. 1.Incinerate when possible 2.Send to landfill when incinerated 3.Never flush down drain or toilet 4.Maintain close inventory control 5.Follow state and federal guidelines 6.Educate clients on proper disposal techniques. Name 4 common Drug Preparations Drugs for oral administration, drugs for parenteral administration, drugs for inhalation, and drugs for topical inhalations. Boluses are used in the treatment of Large animals with a balling gun name two types of parenteral injection forms injections, implants. Vials may be either ___ dose or ___ dose single-, multi- All needles should be discarded in a _____ sharps container Name the 6 rights of drug administration Right patient, right drug, right dose, right route, right time and frequency, right documentation Oral drugs should never be adminsitered in animals that are Vomiting Intravenous administration of drugs allows the most _____ and effective administration Rapid An indwelling catheter should be replaced with a new one every ____ hours 72 A Simplex (gravity set) IV system is used to administer fluids to ____ animals large Name six items that should be recorded in the controlled substance log Date, owner's name, patient's name, drug name, amount dispensed or administered, name(s) of personnel administering the drug to the patient Why should drugs be given by injection not be stored in syringes for any length of time before administration? The plastic syringe may absorb the drug, which may cause it to be less effective List 4 types of syringe tips that are available for use luer-lock, slip-tip, eccentric, catheter tip A tuberculin syringe holds up to _____mL of medication 1 A(n) ______ is an agent that produces superficial irritation that is intended to relieve some other irritation Counter irritant What type of syringe is divided into units rather than mls? insulin syringe A(n) _____ will usually separate after long periods of shelf life and must be shaken well before use to provide a uniform dose suspension Which syringe is constructed in such a way that the needle screws onto the tip of the syringe? Luer-Lok tip All of the following are sites for IV administration in small animals except a. jugular vein b. carotid artery c. lateral saphenous vein d. phalic vein b. carotid artery If an IV catheter is not used continuously it should be flushed with heparinized saline every ___ to ___ hours 8,12 Cerumen is a substance that is commonly found in what anatomic part of the body? ear Any patient receiving IV fluid therapy should be monitored every ___ to ___ minutes. 15,30 IV tubing should be changed after a ___ to ___ hour period. 48, 72