University of Dayton Philosophy 103 Final Exam - Bresnahan Questions and Answers(A+ Solution guide)

What definition of art does Gombrich provide from Emile Zola? - Answer-a work of art is "a corner of nature seen through a temperament *Temperament = personality What is the role of style according to Gombrich and what does this have to do with culture? - AnswerStyle has to do with the person's Temperament and can be personal or cultural. Culture has to do with the style the person uses while creating art. What is the 4 painters' style example design to show? - Answer-It is meant to show that 4 people can look at the same thing but have the paintings not look the exact same, due to style (culture and temperament). Can a painter's "portrayal" of a landscape ever be true or false according to Gombrich? Why or why not? - Answer-True: It could be true if there are parts of your painting that are there... if it depicts things that are actually there False: if a painter were to add a dog to a landscape that does not have a dog in it Representation to Gombrich is likeness [might be visual and might not] - Answer-Likeness of something rather than the way it looks Why is "imitation" or "likeness" not true representation according to Scruton? - Answer-Because it is not the actual thing. Scruton thinks that representation has to be the actual thing not something similar or like it. What does Scruton say about imitation IN music? - Answer-Music can't represent something. Bird like sounds can't represent birds because they aren't actually birds What is the difference between representation and expression? - Answer-Expression is how you feel; representation is the actual thingWhat is Scruton's definition of representation? - Answer-It is having thoughts about something other than the artwork itself Why doesn't music "represent the world" according to this definition according to Scruton? - AnswerMusic doesn't represent the world according to this definition because it is thoughts and feelings about something rather than actually representing something What does music do instead of represent the world according to Scruton? - Answer-Music can express emotions but it can't represent something Music can't represent anything What does Scruton say about "ostensive" features of music? - Answer-Ostensive means association and suggestions, can imitate but not represent Mill - Answer-Result (Consequential theory of ethics) Kant - Answer-Principle of action (deontological theory of ethics) Aristotle - Answer-character (virtues ethics) How can Mill's theory be stated as a maxim (full definitive moral standard)? - Answer-Think of the "mathematical example" with high, middle, and low faculty Whose happiness matters for Mill? - Answer-Overall society's happiness matters What does mill mean by "happiness" - Answer-He means that thing that causes the least amount of pain