TNCC Written Exam 2024 Questions and Answers verified already graded A+

What is the best measure of the adequacy of cellular perfusion and helps predict the outcome of resuscitation? - answer Base deficit used in conjunction with serum lactate Will hypocapnia cause vasoconstriction or vasodilation, especially in the cerebral vasculature? - answer Vasoconstriction What results from tissue hypo perfusion and oxygen deficit? - answer Metabolic acidosis What type of shock results in generalized vasodilation? - answer Neurogenic shock Spinal cord injuries at C3-C5 causes loss of what nerves function, resulting in what? - answer Phrenic nerve; paralyzed diaphragm and inability to breath Extremity elevation AT the level of the heart is beneficial for what type of injury? - answer Compartment Syndrome What is a high risk of frostbite? - answer Thrombus formation What two medications can be administered to maintain perfusion after a frostbite injury along with rewarming? - answer Tissue plasminogen activator or non steroidal antiinflammatory medication (NSAIDS) An rise in diastolic blood pressures is a sign of increasing what? - answer Peripheral resistance What position will benefit the airway and work of breathing for the bariatric patient? - answer Reverse Trendelenburg Which phase of a blast results from flying debris, projectiles, and bomb fragments causing lacerations or penetrating injuries? - answer Secondary Phase What phase of a blast results from any explosion-related illness or injury including hyperglycemia, hypertension, angina, asthma, COPD, or sepsis? - answer Quaternary Phase What phase of a blast results from individuals being thrown by the blast and impacting walls, ground, or any hard object? - answer Tertiary Phase What phase of a blast results from impact of the over and under pressurization wave with body surfaces. Injuries include blast lung, tympanic membrane rupture, abdominal hemorrhage, globe rupture, and mild traumatic brain injury? - answer Primary Phase Signs of what include muscle pain or weakness, dark red or brown urine, general weakness or malaise, and elevated creatinine kinase levels? - answer Rhabdomyolosis Signs of what include anxiety, pleuritic chest pain, dyspnea, hypoxemia, hemoptysis, cough, orthopnea, adventitious lung sounds, decreased lung sounds, jugular vein distention, or hypotension? - answer Pulmonary Embolus Signs of what include headache, nausea and vomiting, amnesia, behavioral changes, altered level of consciousness? - answer Increased intracranial pressure Signs of what include asymmetric pupillary reactivity, unilateral dilation, widening pulse pressure, abnormal motor posturing, bradycardia, and decreased respiratory effort? - answer Late signs of increased ICP with Herniation Syndrome What is caused by the tear of the bridging veins or middle meningeal artery? - answer Subdural and Epidural Hematoma Affect concentration, memory, sleep, mode, and libido. Causes headaches, dizziness and nausea. - answer Postconcussive Syndrome/ Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Signs and symptoms similar to early signs of increased ICP but do not worsen. - answer Postconcussive Syndrome/ Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Cerebral Perfusion Pressure = ______-______ - answer MAP - ICP What is the range for CO2 to maximize perfusion? - answer 35-45 Does hypoventilation cause dilation or constriction? Increase or decrease ICP? - answer Dilation and increase in ICP due to high CO2 Hyperventilation cause dilation or constriction? - answer Constriction d/t low CO2 Pupils with pressure on cranial nerve - answer Fixed and dilated Pupils with opiates vs stimulants - answer small; large Pupils with anticholinergics such as atropine, ipratropium, and scopolamine - answer large Sluggish reaction of pupils is an early sign of what? - answer Increasing ICP Glasgow Coma Score with Mild, Moderate, and Severe TBI - answer Mild = 13-15