NURS 5220 EXAM 1 WITH CORRECT QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
In which age group are milia an expected finding?
A. Newborns
B. Young children
C. Adolescents
D. Older adults - ANSWER A: CorrectMilia are small, whitish,
discrete papules on the face; they are commonly found during the
first 2 to 3 months of life. The sebaceous glands function in an
immature fashion at this age and are easily plugged by sebum.
Answers b, c, and d are incorrect.
Mr. Babson is a 74-year-old man who presents to your office with a
complaint of a "spot" on his chin and wants to know whether it is
cancerous. Which of the following signs or symptoms indicates a
need for further medical investigation?
A. The "spot" is a reddish brown color.
B. The "spot" has been on his chin for 20 years.
C. The "spot" bleeds easily when it is touched.
D. The "spot" is slightly raised and circumscribed. - ANSWER C:
CorrectA "spot" that bleeds easily when it is touched may be
indicative of a more serious condition like basal cell carcinoma, the
most common form of skin cancer.
A 6-year-old girl has freckles over her nose and cheeks. The
examiner will recall that freckles are a type of:
A. macule.
B. papule.
,C. nodule.
D. patch. - ANSWER A:correctA macule is a flat, circumscribed
area that is a change in the color of the skin usually less than 1 cm in
diameter. Freckles, flat moles, petechiae, and measles are examples
of macules.
Mrs. Tomberg brings her 4-day-old infant to your office with a
concern of a yellowish skin tone. Which of the following statements
best describes the rationale for the skin tone?
A. Increased formation of subcutaneous tissue causes a yellow hue.
B. Capillaries broken during the birth process turn the skin slightly
yellow as bruises heal.
C. The yellowish color results from increased fat metabolism and
heat production.
D. The infant has hyperbilirubinemia. - ANSWER
D:CorrectHyperbilirubinemia, or physiologic jaundice, is present to a
mild degree in many newborn infants. It usually starts after the first
day of life and disappears by the eighth to tenth day but may persist
for as long as 3 to 4 weeks. Intense and persistent jaundice suggests
liver disease, a hemolytic process, or severe, overwhelming
infection.
Mr. Russel is a 17-year-old adolescent patient who presents with a
complaint of acne. He asks the examiner why teens have more
problems with acne than children. Which of the following would be an
appropriate response?
A. "Children have better hygiene habits than adolescents because of
parental guidance."
B. "Adolescents have reduced blood flow to the epidermal layer of
the skin, making them more prone to infections."
C. "At puberty, adolescents begin to secrete more oil from
sebaceous glands."
,D. "Children have very little skin mass, which prevents development
of acne." - ANSWER C: CorrectDuring adolescence, the apocrine
glands enlarge and become active, causing increased axillary
sweating and sometimes body odor. Sebaceous glands increase
sebum production in response to increased hormone levels,
primarily androgen, giving the skin an oily appearance and
predisposing the individual to acne.
While examining the skin of an 87-year-old woman, the nurse
observes significant tenting. Which of the following best explains that
finding?
A. Small tags of skin form on the neck.
B. The skin becomes thin and takes on a parchment-like appearance.
C. The skin becomes dry with significant flaking.
D. There is a loss of adipose tissue and elasticity. - ANSWER
D:CorrectTenting occurs in the older adult as a result of loss of
adipose tissue and elasticity. The skin often appears to hang loosely
on the bony frame as a result of a general loss of elasticity, loss of
underlying adipose tissue, and years of gravitational pull.
Mr. Allen is a 66-year-old man who presents to your clinic for
follow-up for his chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
When assessing for the presence of clubbing, the examiner
specifically examines:
A. the width of the nail base.
B. the angle of the nail base.
C. the thickness of the nail.
D. the color of the nail. - ANSWER B:CorrectThe average nail base
angle should measure 160 degrees. In clubbing, the nail base is
boggy and the angle increases and approaches or exceeds 180
degrees. Another method of assessment is the Schamroth technique.
Clubbing is associated with a variety of respiratory and
, cardiovascular diseases, cirrhosis, colitis, and thyroid disease.
Mrs. Jones presents with a complaint of a spot on her skin. Which
type of lesion can develop in an already present nevi?
A. Malignant melanoma
B. Squamous cell carcinoma
C. Basal cell carcinoma
D. Kaposi sarcoma - ANSWER A: CorrectMalignant melonoma is the
most lethal form of skin cancer that develops from melanocytes.
Squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, and Kaposi
sarcoma rarely develop in an already existing nevi.
Mrs. Xavier is a 45-year-old patient who presents to your office with a
complaint of a rash. On examination, you find a herald patch (round
plaque with fine superficial scaling). Which of the following
conditions identifies this finding?
A. Pityriasis rosea
B. Dermatophytosis
C. Rosacea
D. Herpes zoster - ANSWER A:CorrectPityriasis rosea is a
self-limiting inflammation of unknown cause. The herald lesion is
commonly missed, although the most common sign of this condition.
The examiner notes a large blue-black spot on the buttock of a
4-week-old black neonate. The mother states that the infant was born
with it. The examiner should recognize that this:
A. is an expected finding.
B. may indicate child abuse.
C. is related to birth trauma.
D. suggests a congenital defect. - ANSWER A:CorrectThis finding is
AND ANSWERS
In which age group are milia an expected finding?
A. Newborns
B. Young children
C. Adolescents
D. Older adults - ANSWER A: CorrectMilia are small, whitish,
discrete papules on the face; they are commonly found during the
first 2 to 3 months of life. The sebaceous glands function in an
immature fashion at this age and are easily plugged by sebum.
Answers b, c, and d are incorrect.
Mr. Babson is a 74-year-old man who presents to your office with a
complaint of a "spot" on his chin and wants to know whether it is
cancerous. Which of the following signs or symptoms indicates a
need for further medical investigation?
A. The "spot" is a reddish brown color.
B. The "spot" has been on his chin for 20 years.
C. The "spot" bleeds easily when it is touched.
D. The "spot" is slightly raised and circumscribed. - ANSWER C:
CorrectA "spot" that bleeds easily when it is touched may be
indicative of a more serious condition like basal cell carcinoma, the
most common form of skin cancer.
A 6-year-old girl has freckles over her nose and cheeks. The
examiner will recall that freckles are a type of:
A. macule.
B. papule.
,C. nodule.
D. patch. - ANSWER A:correctA macule is a flat, circumscribed
area that is a change in the color of the skin usually less than 1 cm in
diameter. Freckles, flat moles, petechiae, and measles are examples
of macules.
Mrs. Tomberg brings her 4-day-old infant to your office with a
concern of a yellowish skin tone. Which of the following statements
best describes the rationale for the skin tone?
A. Increased formation of subcutaneous tissue causes a yellow hue.
B. Capillaries broken during the birth process turn the skin slightly
yellow as bruises heal.
C. The yellowish color results from increased fat metabolism and
heat production.
D. The infant has hyperbilirubinemia. - ANSWER
D:CorrectHyperbilirubinemia, or physiologic jaundice, is present to a
mild degree in many newborn infants. It usually starts after the first
day of life and disappears by the eighth to tenth day but may persist
for as long as 3 to 4 weeks. Intense and persistent jaundice suggests
liver disease, a hemolytic process, or severe, overwhelming
infection.
Mr. Russel is a 17-year-old adolescent patient who presents with a
complaint of acne. He asks the examiner why teens have more
problems with acne than children. Which of the following would be an
appropriate response?
A. "Children have better hygiene habits than adolescents because of
parental guidance."
B. "Adolescents have reduced blood flow to the epidermal layer of
the skin, making them more prone to infections."
C. "At puberty, adolescents begin to secrete more oil from
sebaceous glands."
,D. "Children have very little skin mass, which prevents development
of acne." - ANSWER C: CorrectDuring adolescence, the apocrine
glands enlarge and become active, causing increased axillary
sweating and sometimes body odor. Sebaceous glands increase
sebum production in response to increased hormone levels,
primarily androgen, giving the skin an oily appearance and
predisposing the individual to acne.
While examining the skin of an 87-year-old woman, the nurse
observes significant tenting. Which of the following best explains that
finding?
A. Small tags of skin form on the neck.
B. The skin becomes thin and takes on a parchment-like appearance.
C. The skin becomes dry with significant flaking.
D. There is a loss of adipose tissue and elasticity. - ANSWER
D:CorrectTenting occurs in the older adult as a result of loss of
adipose tissue and elasticity. The skin often appears to hang loosely
on the bony frame as a result of a general loss of elasticity, loss of
underlying adipose tissue, and years of gravitational pull.
Mr. Allen is a 66-year-old man who presents to your clinic for
follow-up for his chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
When assessing for the presence of clubbing, the examiner
specifically examines:
A. the width of the nail base.
B. the angle of the nail base.
C. the thickness of the nail.
D. the color of the nail. - ANSWER B:CorrectThe average nail base
angle should measure 160 degrees. In clubbing, the nail base is
boggy and the angle increases and approaches or exceeds 180
degrees. Another method of assessment is the Schamroth technique.
Clubbing is associated with a variety of respiratory and
, cardiovascular diseases, cirrhosis, colitis, and thyroid disease.
Mrs. Jones presents with a complaint of a spot on her skin. Which
type of lesion can develop in an already present nevi?
A. Malignant melanoma
B. Squamous cell carcinoma
C. Basal cell carcinoma
D. Kaposi sarcoma - ANSWER A: CorrectMalignant melonoma is the
most lethal form of skin cancer that develops from melanocytes.
Squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, and Kaposi
sarcoma rarely develop in an already existing nevi.
Mrs. Xavier is a 45-year-old patient who presents to your office with a
complaint of a rash. On examination, you find a herald patch (round
plaque with fine superficial scaling). Which of the following
conditions identifies this finding?
A. Pityriasis rosea
B. Dermatophytosis
C. Rosacea
D. Herpes zoster - ANSWER A:CorrectPityriasis rosea is a
self-limiting inflammation of unknown cause. The herald lesion is
commonly missed, although the most common sign of this condition.
The examiner notes a large blue-black spot on the buttock of a
4-week-old black neonate. The mother states that the infant was born
with it. The examiner should recognize that this:
A. is an expected finding.
B. may indicate child abuse.
C. is related to birth trauma.
D. suggests a congenital defect. - ANSWER A:CorrectThis finding is
