NR-222 exam 1 questions and answers 2024

Health - ANSWERS State of physical, mental, spiritual, and social functioning within developmental context Adaptation and reaction to environment Health promotion - ANSWERS the concept is to promote healthy living. The model details individual characteristics and experiences, behavior-specific cognitions and affect, as well as behavior outcomes. The end result is a commitment to a plan of action or health promoting behaviors. This model adapts as an individual develops over a life time. Illness - ANSWERS Composed of the subjective experience of individual and physical manifestation of disease Disease - ANSWERS Failure of a person's adaptive mechanisms Results in functional or structural disturbances Models of health - ANSWERS Clinical model Role performance model Adaptive model Eudaemonistic model Clinical model - ANSWERS In the clinical model, health is defined by the absence of signs and symptoms of disease and illness is defined by the presence of signs and symptoms of disease. Role performance model - ANSWERS The role performance model of health defines health in terms of individuals' ability to perform social roles. Role performance includes work, family, and social roles, with performance based on societal expectations. Adaptive model - ANSWERS In the adaptive model of health, people's ability to adjust positively to social, mental, and physiological change is the measure of their health. Illness occurs when the person fails to adapt or becomes maladaptive to these changes. Eudaimonistic - ANSWERS In the eudaimonistic model, exuberant well-being indicates optimal health. This model emphasizes the interactions between physical, social, psychological, and spiritual aspects of life and the environment that contribute to goal attainment and create meaning. Illness is reflected by a denervation or languishing, a lack of involvement with life. A Health beliefs-internal variables - ANSWERS Developmental stage Intellectual Background Perception of Functioning Emotional Factors Spiritual Factors Health beliefs-external variables - ANSWERS Family practices Socioeconomic factors Cultural background Healthy People 2020 - ANSWERS 4 Overarching goals: 1. Attain high quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death. 2. Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups 3. Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all 4. Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all life stages Healthy People 2020 (LHI)-Leading Health Indicators - ANSWERS For example, under the Tobacco topic, one LHI is listed as "Adults who are current cigarette smokers" (USDHHS, 2016a, para. 13). Cigarette smoking, as you will explore later, is "the single most preventable cause of disease, disability, and death in the United States" (USDHHS, 2016b, para. 1). Levels of prevention - ANSWERS Primary Secondary Tertiary Primary - ANSWERS The goal of primary prevention is to stop illness or injury before it happens. For instance, antismoking laws are a form of primary prevention, as are immunizations, seat belts, sunscreen, and nursing education about health promotion, nutrition, and safety. Secondary - ANSWERS Secondary prevention prevents an existing illness or injury condition from becoming worse. For example, heart attack patients are prescribed an aspirin a day to reduce their chance of further heart problems. Another secondary prevention measure is screening to detect a disease of which an individual is unaware