Pharmacology Penn Foster Veterinary
Technician Questions and answers latest
update
Pharmacokinetics
When a drug enters the body
Pharmacodynamics
How drugs exert effects
7 Routes of Administration
Oral, IV, IM, SC, intraperitoneal, intraarterial, intradermal
Agonist, Partial Agonist, and Antagonist
Perfect Fit, Almost Fits, Blocks Action
Affinity vs. Efficacy
How well it binds to receptor (Agonist vs. Antagonist) vs. how well the drug performs
Trade Name Vs. Genetic Name
Trade - patented name (rimadyl) vs. Genetic - unpatented/generic (carprofen)
6 Drug Label Requirements
Generic Name, Concentration, Quantity, Controlled?, Manufacturer Info, Expiration Date.
Injection Routes from fastest onset to slowest
IV, SC, IM
Injection Routes from longest duration to shortest
SC, IM, IV
Symapthetic vs. Para-sympathetic
Energy expending activites (Increase heart rate), Energy conserving ( decrease heart rate)
Stimulation of Sympathetic vs Para-sympathetic
Fight or Flight vs. Calm Down
Cholinergic vs Anticholinergic
Stimulate parasympathetic (increase GI motility) vs preventing stimulation (decrease GI motility)
Adrenergic Agents
Excites Alpha Receptors and inhibits beta receptors (stimulates heart beat through sympathetic)
, CNS Depression Drugs
Sedate, Control Seizures, Control Pain
CNS Stimulation Drugs
Treat respiration/cardiac depression or reverse depression drugs
Barbituates
CNS Depression Drug, always controlled, no reversal available, rapidly absorbed into brain and fat, do
not use in sight hounds (no fat), and used in euthanasia solution
Expectorant
Respiratory Drug - muscous secreting gland (dilutes secretions)- cough syrup
Mucolytics
Alter mucous composition - breaks down mucous thickness
Antitussives
inhibits non productive cough, example is butorphanol or hydrocodone
4 types of Diuretics
Loop, Osmotic, Thiazine, Potassium Sparing
Loop vs. Osmotic
Increase excretion of sodium and water to inhibit reabsorption vs increase excretion of water to
increase pressure to limit reabsorption
Thiazide vs. Potassium Sparing
block absorption of sodium, chloride and water vs. block aldosterone by excreting potassium and
reabsorbing sodium
Four Types of Cardiac Disease
Valvular Disease, Arrhythmias, Myocardial, Congential
Chronotropic vs. Inotropic
positive - increase heart rate: negative - decrease vs positive - increase strength of contraction:
negative decrease
Catecholamines
increase cardiac output and BP but decrease strength of contraction to allow speed.
Emetics vs. Antiemetics
Cause vomiting vs prevent vomiting
3 causes of diarrhea
Technician Questions and answers latest
update
Pharmacokinetics
When a drug enters the body
Pharmacodynamics
How drugs exert effects
7 Routes of Administration
Oral, IV, IM, SC, intraperitoneal, intraarterial, intradermal
Agonist, Partial Agonist, and Antagonist
Perfect Fit, Almost Fits, Blocks Action
Affinity vs. Efficacy
How well it binds to receptor (Agonist vs. Antagonist) vs. how well the drug performs
Trade Name Vs. Genetic Name
Trade - patented name (rimadyl) vs. Genetic - unpatented/generic (carprofen)
6 Drug Label Requirements
Generic Name, Concentration, Quantity, Controlled?, Manufacturer Info, Expiration Date.
Injection Routes from fastest onset to slowest
IV, SC, IM
Injection Routes from longest duration to shortest
SC, IM, IV
Symapthetic vs. Para-sympathetic
Energy expending activites (Increase heart rate), Energy conserving ( decrease heart rate)
Stimulation of Sympathetic vs Para-sympathetic
Fight or Flight vs. Calm Down
Cholinergic vs Anticholinergic
Stimulate parasympathetic (increase GI motility) vs preventing stimulation (decrease GI motility)
Adrenergic Agents
Excites Alpha Receptors and inhibits beta receptors (stimulates heart beat through sympathetic)
, CNS Depression Drugs
Sedate, Control Seizures, Control Pain
CNS Stimulation Drugs
Treat respiration/cardiac depression or reverse depression drugs
Barbituates
CNS Depression Drug, always controlled, no reversal available, rapidly absorbed into brain and fat, do
not use in sight hounds (no fat), and used in euthanasia solution
Expectorant
Respiratory Drug - muscous secreting gland (dilutes secretions)- cough syrup
Mucolytics
Alter mucous composition - breaks down mucous thickness
Antitussives
inhibits non productive cough, example is butorphanol or hydrocodone
4 types of Diuretics
Loop, Osmotic, Thiazine, Potassium Sparing
Loop vs. Osmotic
Increase excretion of sodium and water to inhibit reabsorption vs increase excretion of water to
increase pressure to limit reabsorption
Thiazide vs. Potassium Sparing
block absorption of sodium, chloride and water vs. block aldosterone by excreting potassium and
reabsorbing sodium
Four Types of Cardiac Disease
Valvular Disease, Arrhythmias, Myocardial, Congential
Chronotropic vs. Inotropic
positive - increase heart rate: negative - decrease vs positive - increase strength of contraction:
negative decrease
Catecholamines
increase cardiac output and BP but decrease strength of contraction to allow speed.
Emetics vs. Antiemetics
Cause vomiting vs prevent vomiting
3 causes of diarrhea
