APD Exam 1 Questions and Answers Best Passed in the Exam

APD Exam 1 Questions and Answers Best Passed in the Exam According to _____________________ early science was based on the idea that nature is intelligible, and humans could "attain insight into the working of the natural world" but humans were vulnerable to "self-deception, flights of fancy, and prematurely jumping to conclusions." - CORRECT ANSWER-Meyer (2021) This idea is reflected in the various scientific methods found in the literature and the _________________. Scientific methods are used to investigate ______________and the peer-reviewed process is used in part to help determine if the researchers are ____________by faulty reasoning. (Meyer, 2021) - CORRECT ANSWER-Peer-Review Process; How nature works; being misled Furthermore, the reasoning of the peer-reviewers is evaluated by an ________________. (Meyer, 2021) - CORRECT ANSWER-Associate editor If an editor feels that the manuscript is appropriate for their journal, a request will be sent out to potential ______________ who supposedly have some experience with the topic of the manuscript. - CORRECT ANSWER-peer-reviewers The peer-reviewers examine the manuscript and make _________________ to accept or reject the article, or they may make a recommendation to submit a revised draft based on a list of suggestions for the author(s). - CORRECT ANSWER-recommendations The benefit of the peer review process is that the reviewers may provide __________ ____________ that will help to clarify the manuscript. The reviewers may recommend additional citations to strengthen the ______________ of the authors. - CORRECT ANSWER-valuable suggestions; arguments A limitation of this process is that it is possible that the reviewers lack the background experiences required to make _____________ recommendations regarding the manuscript. This may result in the acceptance and publication of manuscripts with ___________ value. - CORRECT ANSWER-reasonable; questionable Another limitation is that articles may be published with _______ or with questionable conclusions. - CORRECT ANSWER-errors When the authors realize that their published manuscript contains an error or errors an _________________, may be published to inform readers of the errors. - CORRECT ANSWER-erratum or errata Readers may want to positively or negatively respond to the authors and submit a _________________. These letters may contain points of agreement and disagreement. The author(s) are allowed to _______________ to the letters to the editor. - CORRECT ANSWER-letter to the editor; respond For the purposes of this class, auditory processing disorder (APD), central auditory processing disorder (CAPD), and (central) auditory processing disorder or (C)APD are considered ______________. - CORRECT ANSWER-Equivalent James Jerger, PhD, the founding president of the American Academy of Audiology said there are more definitions of APD than there are children with the ____________. He also said that APD means ____________ things to different people. This is highly problematic in any discussion of APD. In your readings and discussions always ask, "What is the definition of APD used in this context?" - CORRECT ANSWER-diagnosis; different "The inability or impaired ability to attend to, discriminate, recognize, or comprehend information presented auditorily even though the person has normal intelligence and hearing sensitivity" - CORRECT ANSWER-Keith, 1986 "Auditory processing involves attention to detection, and identification of the signal and decoding of the neural message" - CORRECT ANSWER-(Katz, 1992) "The way our central mechanisms receive, perceive, decode and utilize speech/sound signals" - CORRECT ANSWER-(Lasky and Katz, 1983). "Central auditory processes involve the deployment of nondedicated, global mechanisms of attention and memory in the service of acoustic signal processing" - CORRECT ANSWER-(ASHA, 1996) According to ASHA (1996), APD is an _________________ in one or more of the following; sound localization, sound lateralization, auditory discrimination, auditory pattern recognition, temporal aspects of audition including temporal resolution, temporal masking, temporal integration, temporal ordering, auditory performance decrements with competing acoustic signals, auditory performance decrements with degraded acoustic signals. - CORRECT ANSWER-observed deficiency "An APD may be broadly defined as a deficit in the processing of information that is specific to the auditory modality. The problem may be exacerbated in __________________________. It may be associated with difficulties in listening, speech understanding, language development, and learning. In its pure form, however, it is conceptualized as a deficit in the processing of auditory input" (Jerger and Musiek, 2000). - CORRECT ANSWER-unfavorable acoustic environments "Broadly stated, (Central) Auditory Processing refers to the efficiency and effectiveness by which the central nervous system (CNS) utilizes ___________________. Narrowly defined, (C)AP refers to the perceptual processing of auditory information in the CNS and the ___________________ activity that underlies that processing and gives rise to electrophysiologic auditory potentials." "(C)APD is a deficit in neural processing of auditory stimuli that is not due to higher order language, cognitive, or related factors. However, (C)APD may lead to or be associated with difficulties in the higher order language, learning and communication functions" (ASHA, 2005). - CORRECT ANSWER-auditory information; neurobiologic "Auditory processing is a term used to describe what happens when your brain recognizes and interprets the sounds around you. Humans hear when energy that we recognize as sound travels through the ear and is changed into electrical information that can be interpreted by the brain. The "disorder" part of auditory processing disorder means that something is adversely affecting the processing or interpretation of the information" - CORRECT ANSWER-(NIDCD). A central auditory processing disorder is the "inability of individuals with normal hearing and intelligence to differentiate, recognize, or _________________ sounds." - CORRECT ANSWER-understand (UMM) The National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders stated that APD is a complex problem and is a term that "is used by many people, in ____ ______________" - CORRECT ANSWER-very different ways the inability to differentiate, recognize, or understand sounds; hearing and intelligence are normal. - CORRECT ANSWER-Central Auditory Processing Disorder: ASHA (2005) says that APD is a deficit in ______________ of auditory stimuli that is not due to higher order language, cognitive, or related factors. - CORRECT ANSWER-neural processing Rosen et al (2010) stated that APD represents difficulties in understanding speech, often in a ______ environment despite having a normal audiogram. APD may affect language and literacy. - CORRECT ANSWER-noisy APD is consistent with poor perception of speech and non-speech sounds, with origins in impaired neural function. It usually co-occurs with other neuro-developmental disorders. - CORRECT ANSWER-British Society of Audiology (2011) APD represents "...difficulties in the perceptual processing of auditory information in the central nervous system and the neurobiologic activity that underlies that processing and gives rise to the electrophysiologic auditory potentials." - CORRECT ANSWER-AAA (2010) stated that children were identified as having APD "on the basis of (a) normal audiometry and (b) typical symptoms of APD as reported by parents." - CORRECT ANSWER-Ferguson et al (2011) Dias et al (2012) reported that APD is consistent with difficulty in conversations when surrounded by __________. - CORRECT ANSWER-noise