PORTAGE LEARNING: A&P 1 MODULE 3 WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 100%
Name the Two main divisions of the digestive system organs.
(1) those of the alimentary canal and (2) the accessory digestive organs
Name the seven parts of the gastrointestinal tract.
Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus.
Name the six digestive system accessory organs.
Teeth, tongue, gallbladder, salivary glands, liver and pancreas.
What structures respectively form these parts of the mouth?:
A. Opening
B. Floor
C. Walls
D. Roof
a. Opening = Lips
b. Floor = Tongue
c. Walls = Cheeks
d. Roof = Hard/soft palates
List the two bones and the membrane to which the tongue is attached.
The tongue is attached to the hyoid bone and the mandible and the membranous lingual frenulum.
How many teeth are there in an adult human and what do they do?
There are thirty-two teeth in the human mouth. Together they work to tear, crush and grind food to
mechanically digest food.
What are the four types of teeth, how many of each type are there and what does each type do?
The teeth are composed of two chisel-shaped incisors for biting; one pointed canine for tearing; two
fairly flat pre-molars for grinding; and three flat molars for crushing.
What is the specific function of the salivary gland in the process of digestion?
Food is mixed and moistened with saliva (from the salivary glands) containing enzymes that begin the
process of chemical digestion by breaking down starches.
Where are taste buds located?
Taste buds are found primarily on the tongue but also on the surface of the mouth and the wall of the
pharynx.
Describe the function of the tongue in the digestive process.
The tongue grips the food, constantly repositions it between the teeth and forms it into a compact
mass which is pushed back to the pharynx to begin the process of swallowing.
What is a bolus?
, A bolus is the compact mass of food formed by the combination of chewing by the teeth and
repositioning by the tongue.
List the 3 parts of the pharynx.
the nasopharynx, the oropharynx, and the laryngopharynx.
Through what sections of the pharynx does air travel? Through what sections of the pharynx does
food travel?
Air enters the nose, continues through the nasopharynx, oropharynx and the laryngopharynx. Air then
enters the trachea on its way to the lungs. Food and liquid enter the mouth, continue through the
oropharynx and the laryngopharynx but then continue into the esophagus.
What prevents food from entering the lungs and why is this necessary?
Food is prevented from entering the larynx by the epiglottis, a flap of elastic cartilage which covers
the larynx when swallowing food or liquid.
Describe how the muscular layers in the pharynx assist with food passage.
The pharynx has two types of skeletal muscles; a circumferential outer layer and an inner longitudinal
layer which contract alternatively squeezing food into the esophagus.
List and describe the tissue layers of the esophagus.
The esophagus contains 4 layers of tissue: the innermost layer is the mucosa which secretes mucus
into the interior the gastrointestinal tract, the second layer is the submucosa which contains blood
and lymph vessels, lymph nodes, nerves, and mucous glands, the third layer is the muscularis externa
which is made of two layers of muscle: the outer longitudinal fibers and inner circumferential fibers
and the outermost layer is the serosa which is made up of cells that make serous fluid.
Explain peristalsis.
Peristalsis is the squeezing of food through the GI tract by the alternating contraction of the sets of
longitudinal and circumferential muscles.
What are the three main divisions of a tooth?
Each tooth is made of three main parts: the crown, the neck and the root
What are the three types of papillae on the tongue? Which ones contain taste buds?
There are three types of papillae which help to grip food on the tongue: circumvallate, fungiform and
filiform. Circumvallate and fungiform papillae both contain taste buds.
We have an expert-written solution to this problem!
Describe the shape of the stomach and its location relative to the abdomen and diaphragm.
The stomach is a backward C shaped organ that is located along the left side of the abdomen below
the diaphragm.
Describe the passage of food into and out of the stomach.
Food enters the stomach from the esophagus via the cardioesophageal sphincter and exits the
stomach via the pyloric sphincter into the small intestine.
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 100%
Name the Two main divisions of the digestive system organs.
(1) those of the alimentary canal and (2) the accessory digestive organs
Name the seven parts of the gastrointestinal tract.
Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus.
Name the six digestive system accessory organs.
Teeth, tongue, gallbladder, salivary glands, liver and pancreas.
What structures respectively form these parts of the mouth?:
A. Opening
B. Floor
C. Walls
D. Roof
a. Opening = Lips
b. Floor = Tongue
c. Walls = Cheeks
d. Roof = Hard/soft palates
List the two bones and the membrane to which the tongue is attached.
The tongue is attached to the hyoid bone and the mandible and the membranous lingual frenulum.
How many teeth are there in an adult human and what do they do?
There are thirty-two teeth in the human mouth. Together they work to tear, crush and grind food to
mechanically digest food.
What are the four types of teeth, how many of each type are there and what does each type do?
The teeth are composed of two chisel-shaped incisors for biting; one pointed canine for tearing; two
fairly flat pre-molars for grinding; and three flat molars for crushing.
What is the specific function of the salivary gland in the process of digestion?
Food is mixed and moistened with saliva (from the salivary glands) containing enzymes that begin the
process of chemical digestion by breaking down starches.
Where are taste buds located?
Taste buds are found primarily on the tongue but also on the surface of the mouth and the wall of the
pharynx.
Describe the function of the tongue in the digestive process.
The tongue grips the food, constantly repositions it between the teeth and forms it into a compact
mass which is pushed back to the pharynx to begin the process of swallowing.
What is a bolus?
, A bolus is the compact mass of food formed by the combination of chewing by the teeth and
repositioning by the tongue.
List the 3 parts of the pharynx.
the nasopharynx, the oropharynx, and the laryngopharynx.
Through what sections of the pharynx does air travel? Through what sections of the pharynx does
food travel?
Air enters the nose, continues through the nasopharynx, oropharynx and the laryngopharynx. Air then
enters the trachea on its way to the lungs. Food and liquid enter the mouth, continue through the
oropharynx and the laryngopharynx but then continue into the esophagus.
What prevents food from entering the lungs and why is this necessary?
Food is prevented from entering the larynx by the epiglottis, a flap of elastic cartilage which covers
the larynx when swallowing food or liquid.
Describe how the muscular layers in the pharynx assist with food passage.
The pharynx has two types of skeletal muscles; a circumferential outer layer and an inner longitudinal
layer which contract alternatively squeezing food into the esophagus.
List and describe the tissue layers of the esophagus.
The esophagus contains 4 layers of tissue: the innermost layer is the mucosa which secretes mucus
into the interior the gastrointestinal tract, the second layer is the submucosa which contains blood
and lymph vessels, lymph nodes, nerves, and mucous glands, the third layer is the muscularis externa
which is made of two layers of muscle: the outer longitudinal fibers and inner circumferential fibers
and the outermost layer is the serosa which is made up of cells that make serous fluid.
Explain peristalsis.
Peristalsis is the squeezing of food through the GI tract by the alternating contraction of the sets of
longitudinal and circumferential muscles.
What are the three main divisions of a tooth?
Each tooth is made of three main parts: the crown, the neck and the root
What are the three types of papillae on the tongue? Which ones contain taste buds?
There are three types of papillae which help to grip food on the tongue: circumvallate, fungiform and
filiform. Circumvallate and fungiform papillae both contain taste buds.
We have an expert-written solution to this problem!
Describe the shape of the stomach and its location relative to the abdomen and diaphragm.
The stomach is a backward C shaped organ that is located along the left side of the abdomen below
the diaphragm.
Describe the passage of food into and out of the stomach.
Food enters the stomach from the esophagus via the cardioesophageal sphincter and exits the
stomach via the pyloric sphincter into the small intestine.
