General Microbiology Exam Questions And Answers (Verified And Updated)

General Microbiology Exam Questions And Answers (Verified And Updated) Classification of organisms - answerKingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species Phylogenetic trees - answera branching diagram that represents a hypothesis about the evolutionary history of a group of organisms Types of microbes - answerbacteria, archeae, fungi, molds, yeasts, protozoa, algae, viruses, multicellular animal parasites rRNA - answerThe RNA component of the ribosome, and is essential for protein synthesis in all living organisms. Theory of RNA as the original hereditary material. - answeroriginal molecule must have fulfilled protein and hereditary function. Earliest cells may have been RNA surrounded by liposomes. Endosymbiosis - answerA process in which a unicellular organism (the "host") engulfs another cell, which lives within the host cell and ultimately becomes an organelle in the host cell; also refers to the hypothesis that mitochondria and plastids were formerly small prokaryotes that began living within larger cells. Horizontal gene transfer - answerA process in which an organism incorporates genetic material from another organism without being the offspring of that organism. Spontaneous generation - answerA hypothetical organic phenomenon by which living organisms are created from nonliving matter. Van Leeuwenhoek - answerFirst person to observe and describe microorganisms accurately. John Needham - answerHeated broth in sealed flasks.When the broth became cloudy with microrganisms, he mistakenly concluded that they developed spontaneously from the broth. Lazzaro Spallanzani - answerBoiled open and closed flasks of broth to disprove spontaneous generation. Louis Pasteur - answerA French chemist, this man discovered that heat could kill bacteria that otherwise spoiled liquids including milk, wine, and beer. Joseph Lister - answerA surgeon who used carbolic acid to control wound infection.