College General Biology Exam I Questions and Answers with complete solution

General Characteristics of Living Organisms - Answer-1.) Require nutrients and energy 2.) Are homeostatic 3.) Respond to the environment 4.) Reproduce and Develop 5.) Adapt Elements in Living Organisms - Answer-1.) Hydrogen 2.) Oxygen 3.) Nitrogen 4.) Carbon 5.) sulfur 6.) Phosphorus Ionic bonds - Answer-Attraction between opposite charges Covalent Bond - Answer-Sharing electrons to complete the outer shell. Single Covalent Bond - Answer-Sharing one pair of electrons. pH below 7 - Answer-is Acidic pH above 7 - Answer-is Basic pH of 7 - Answer-is neutral Monosaccharide - Answer-(ONE) Simple sugar; carbohydrate that can not be broken down by hydrolysis. Ex: GlucoseDisaccharide - Answer-Sugar that contains two monosaccharide (two simple sugars). EX: Lactose Polysaccharide - Answer-(Many sugar) Polymer made from sugar monomers Lipids - Answer-Tend to be soluble in nonpolar solvents including (fats and oils). DNA - Answer-Double stranded (Double helix). Deoxyribose. A - T C - G RNA - Answer-Single Stranded A - U C - G Four Macromolecules - Answer-1. Proteins 2.) Lipids 3.) Carbohydrates 4. Nucleic Acids (DNA and RNA) Polar heads - Answer-hydrophilic face into water Nonpolar tails - Answer-face each other outside of water Prokaryotes - Answer-Bacteria, Archaea, plasma membrane, and unicellular. Eukaryotes - Answer-Plants, Animals, and fungi. Membrane bound organelles (Nucleus), Plasma membrane, and multicellular.Ribosomes - Answer-Where proteins are made. Nucleus - Answer-DNA is stored. Plant Cells - Answer-Have a cell wall. Have Cellulose. Lignin(located in woody trees). Have chloroplast(makes photosynthesis). Animal Cells - Answer-do not have a chloroplast.. No cell wall. Saturated - Answer-No double bonds between atoms. (Butter is solid at room temp) (single bond) unsaturated - Answer-One or more bonds between carbon atoms. (Oil is liquid at room temp) (double bonded) hydrocarbons - Answer-chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms carbohydrates - Answersteroids - Answer-lipids made of four fused rings of carbon atoms Many functions of proteins - Answer-1. support 2. metabolism 3. transport 4. defense 5. regulation 6. motion