General Biology 1 Exam 2 Study Guide Questions With 100% Correct Answers!!

Know the different between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells - Answer-Prokaryotes: -No membrane bound organelles -Lack of membrane bound nucleus. (DNA is present in the nucleoid) -Consists of cytoplasm surrounded by plasma membrane and encased within a cell wall. Eukaryotes: -Possess a membrane bound nucleus -More complex than prokaryotic cells -Important aspect is compartmentalization -Possess cytoskeleton for support and to maintain cellular structure. Know the structures of the cell discussed in class: Cell Wall - Answer-Provides protection and support. Know the structures of the cell discussed in class: Cytoskeleton - Answer-Support shape of cell and keeps organelles in fixed locations Know the structures of the cell discussed in class: Organelles-Nucleus - Answer-Repository of the genetic information. Know the structures of the cell discussed in class: Organelles-Ribosomes - Answer-Cells protein synthesis machinery Know the structures of the cell discussed in class: Organelles-Rough ER - Answer-Synthesis of proteins to be exported out of a cell, sent to lysosomes/vacuoles or embedded in plasma membrane Know the structures of the cell discussed in class: Organelles-Smooth ER - Answer-Variety of functions: synthesis of steroid hormones, store Ca^2+, detoxificationKnow the structures of the cell discussed in class: Organelles- Golgi Apparatus - Answer-Functions in packaging and distribution of molecules synthesized at one location and used at another within the cell or even outside of it Know the structures of the cell discussed in class: Organelles- Lysosomes - Answer-Destroy cells or foreign matter that the cell has engulfed by phagocytosis. Know the structures of the cell discussed in class: Organelles- Vacuoles - Answer-Various function depending on the cell type -There are different types of vacuoles: Central Vacuole in plant cells, Contractile Vacuole of some fungi and protists -Storage vacuoles Know the structures of the cell discussed in class: Organelles- Mitochondria - Answer--Found in all types of eukaryotic cells -Bound by membranes (outer membrane, inner membrane, matrix) -Have their own DNA -On the surface of the inner membrane, and also embedded within it, are proteins that carry out oxidative metabolism Know the structures of the cell discussed in class: Organelles- Chloroplast - Answer-Contains chlorophyll for photosynthesis -Have their own DNA Know the difference between bacteria and eukaryotic flagella - Answer-Prokaryotic (Bacterial) Flagella: -Smaller and simpler in structure -Rotary movement -Proton driven Eukaryotic Flagella: -Larger and complex structure -Bending movement-ATP driven Know the cell theory - Answer--All organisms are composed of cells -Cells are the basic units of life -All cells come from preexisting cells.