GNUR 294 Exam 2 Questions And Answers

GNUR 294 Exam 2 Questions And Answers Student nurses are learning about the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) pregnancy categories. What is the best information for the nurse educator to include in the lecture? Select all that apply. - ANS-FDA pregnancy categories provide a framework for safe use of drugs in pregnant women. FDA pregnancy category X has been associated with teratogenic effects A patient is about to begin taking hydrochlorothiazide (microzide) for HTN. To assess for adverse effects of the drug, you should monitor for which of the following? - ANS-Hyponatremia, Hypokalemia, Dehydration While talking with a patient who is taking captopril (capoten) to treat hypertension, which of the following instructions should you include to help her manage the drug's adverse effects? - ANS-Do not use salt substitutes to season your food. A patient taking losartan (Cozaar) for hypertension asks about stopping contraception and starting a family. You should inform the patient that losartan is unsafe to take during pregnancy due to which of the which of the following risks - ANS-fetal injury Digoxin (Lanoxin) is effective in treating heart failure due to which of the following pharmacological actions? (select all that apply) - ANS-Exerts positive inotropic action Decreases sympathetic tone Increases myocardial contractility pediatric pharmacotherapy - ANS-dose is calculated by patient's weight: mg/kg variables: birth - 3/5yrs immature systems, after same as adults Absorption changes in pharmacotherapy in pediatrics - ANS-Oral: increased gastric pH (low gastric acid production), delayed gastric emptying and gastric motility, slow rate of bile salt secretion in premature infants and neonates IM/SQ: low blood flow to muscles and tissues Topical: Thin and highly permeable infant skin Distribution changes in pharmacotherapy in pediatrics - ANS-High Proportion of body water, more fat, immature liver function, underdeveloped blood brain barrier Metabolism changes in pharmacotherapy in pediatrics - ANS-Immaturity of hepatic CYP450 system, enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase reduced at birth excretion changes in pharmacotherapy in pediatrics - ANS-immature renal systems Absorption changes in pharmacotherapy in geriatrics - ANS-Slows, but is completed, increased gastric pH, Decreased blood flow to/from GI tract Slowed GI motility Distribution changes in pharmacotherapy in geriatrics - ANS-Increased body fat, reduction in total body water, declining liver function, inefficient blood brain barrier Metabolism changes in pharmacotherapy in geriatrics - ANS-Reduced hepatic function Excretion changes in pharmacotherapy in geriatrics - ANS-Renal function declines Which factors does the nurse recognize potentially influence oral absorption of drugs in the pediatric client? Select all that apply. - ANS-Increased gastric pH Delayed gastric emptying An older client asks the nurse how to avoid potential drug interactions. Which response by the nurse is the most appropriate? - ANS-Obtain all medications from one pharmacy when possible Which statement indicates that a client understands teaching about atorvastatin (Lipitor)? - ANS-"I should stop taking this drug if I decide to try to become pregnant." The client is prescribed digoxin (Lanoxin) for the treatment of heart failure. Which assessment findings would indicate adverse effects of this medication? - ANS-Anorexia and nausea The nurse is teaching a client about reducing the risk for coronary artery disease. An elevation in which laboratory value is most directly associated with atherosclerosis, leading to coronary artery disease? - ANS-Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) A client who takes atorvastatin (Lipitor) daily has been prescribed erythromycin for sinusitis. To prevent consequences of an adverse effect of this combination of drugs, it is most important for the nurse to monitor this client for which clinical manifestation? - ANS-New onset of muscle pain The nurse is caring for a client taking both gemfibrozil (Lopid) and warfarin (Coumadin). To maintain safety relative to the interaction? - ANS