NURS 3320 Exam 3 Practice Questions with Answers

In which clients would you expect to see gynecomastia? Males during puberty. Can also be seen in males with hormonal imbalance, drug abuse, cirrhosis, leukemia, and thyrotoxicosis Objective signs of breast cancer Prominent/asymmetric venous pattern Pue d'orange skin Retracted nipple Dimpling Restricted movement of breast tissue Thickening of breast tissue Pain Discharge Large/irregular, hard, fixed nodules Normal variations in breast findings nodes palpated:none or 1-2 Nipple discharge: Clear in some women Nodules present during menstruation Pain/fullness before menses Size/color of breast/areolar Functions of Frontal Lobe Voluntary skeletal muscle movement Communication Emotions Intellect Functions of Parietal Lobe Tactile Sensation/Touch Functions of Occipital Lobe Reading with understanding Visual reception Functions of Temporal Lobe Hearing What is Graphesthesia and how do you test for it? The ability to recognize writing on the skin by the touch sensation. Use a blunt instrument to draw number on the palm of one hand and have the patient tell you the number. Repeat on the other palm. What is Stereognosis and how do you test for it? Mental perception of depth or 3D by touch. Place a familiar object in the patient's hand and have them tell you what it is. What is vibratory sensation and how do you test for it? The ability to sense vibration through touch. Strike a low tuning fork and touch it to wrist, fingertip, ankle and toe on both sides What is extinction and how do you test for it? The ability to identify touch at the same points of the body at the same time. Touch a point on both sides of the body simultaneously and have the client identify where you touched. What is two point discrimination and how do you test for it? The ability to identify multiple points of touch between 2 points and one Touch the patient at the fingertip, arm, hands, back or thighs. Have the client tell you when they can no longer tell the difference between 2 points of contact. Measure the distance between the two points What are the procedures for testing for meningeal irritation? 1. Assess neck mobility 2. Test for Brudzinski's sign (Watch hips and knees for reaction when neck is bent) 3. Test for Kernig's sign. (Flex leg at hip and knee, then release. Check for pain) What is the rating system for reflexes? 1+: Present but decreased 2+: Normal 3+: Increased or brisk but not pathologic What is the meaning of a positive or negative Romberg's test? Positive Romberg's test would mean the patient is swaying and feet to prevent falling when their eyes are closed or open. This is see in disease of the posterior columns, vestibular dysfunction, or cerebellar disorders How do you test for direct response of the pupil? Darken the room and have the client focus on a distant object. Shine light into one eye and note pupil response. Normal is constriction of the pupil. How do you test for the consensual response of the pupil? At the same time as testing the direct response, observe the pupil response of the eye not getting the light shined in it. Normal is constriction