UVIC Biology 225 Solved Exam Prep |Question and Answer| 100% Correct #2024

UVIC Biology 225 Solved Exam Prep |Question and Answer| 100% Correct #2024 Nernst equation What is used to calculate the membrane potential for a single ion? Goldman equation What is used to calculate the membrane potential that takes account for all ions permeant through that membrane? loss of myelination Multiple sclerosis is associated with what? ion-channel-coupled receptors, g-protein-coupled receptors, enzyme-coupled receptors linked to an enzyme, enzyme-coupled receptor associated with an enzyme What are the four types of cell surface receptors? inactive When an alpha subunit is bound to GDP, it associates with Beta-Gamma subunit and is _________ exchange of GDP for GTP What causes the alpha subunit to disassociate from the Beta-Gammas subunit? potassium With the cytosol having a higher concentration of _________________ it evens out the negative charge of DNA, RNA, and proteins no Are leak channels gated? impermeable negatively charged macromolecules What contributes to the net negative resting potential of most cells? 3 and 2 For every molecule of ATP that is hydrolyzed, __ sodium ions are transported out of the cell and __ potassium ion come into the cell. cytoplasmic When membrane depolarize, they become more positively charged on the ___________________ side vesicles held in storage are mobilized for rapid release, vesicles ready for release rapidly dock and fuse with the plasma membrane in the synaptic bouton region What are the two main effects from the release of calcium within the synaptic bouton? insulin receptor binds insulin so the activated restore phosphorylates the IRS-1 protein. IRS-1 can lead to recruitment of GRB2 activating the Gas pathway What is the first step of the insulin singling pathway? inhibits An antagonist ________ activates An agonist _________ 40 50 ____%-____% of all drugs target GPCR rhodopsin What is the GPCR we use for our vision? makes chloride flood into gut and makes a saltwater environment with the sodium, causing extreme dehydration and diarrhea What does cholera do to your body? calcium When ________ binds to calmodulin, it changes formation potassium ____________ is contributes the most to resting membrane potential bloodstream cells Endocrine hormones are carried out by the ________________ whereas local mediators, such as growth factors, can act on nearby _______ juxtacrine signals short range signals that require physical contact between the sending and receiving cells induce a change in receptor conformation or cause receptors to cluster together What are the two ways a receptor can be altered when a ligand binds to it? IP3 opens calcium ion channels DAG activates protein kinase C cGMP smooth muscle relaxation cAMP glucose mobilization turn proteins on and off through changes in phosphorylation status Why are kinases and phosphates essential in the cell? ER membranes IP3 receptors are associated with what? protein kinase A regulatory subunits cAMP affects cell activities by interacting directly with? hyperpolarize Inhibitory signals _________________ the membrane and make the me