Newborn (Uncomplicated) Exam Practice Questions and Answers | 100% Correct | Verified and Updated

Newborn (Uncomplicated) Exam Practice Questions and Answers | 100% Correct | Verified and Updated What are the prenatal and intrapartum factors that determine transition from uterus to extrauterine life?-Correct️️ -Prenatal care, nutrition, blood group, Rh sensitization, health compromising behaviours, medications, hx of infections (sexually transmitted, GBS status), hx of bleeding/diabetes/hypertensive disorders. Gestation length (preterm, term, post term). First stage of labour (fetal presentation and position, internal EFM, length, ROM, fetal distress, complications of labour, medications). GBS status (adequate treatment). Second stage of labour (length, type of birth, complications: shoulder dystocia, cord prolapse). What are the six primary factors related to birth to the first 2 hours of life?- Correct️️ -–establish respiration –adjust to circulatory changes –regulate temperature –ingest, retain, digest nutrients –eliminate wast –adjust to social environment and new behaviours. Explain the highlights of fetal circulation-Correct️️ -Placenta: site of gas exchange Pulmonary circulation: high vascular resistance (higher pressure in the R ventricle + pulmonary arteries) Systematic circulation: low pressure in left atrium, ventricle and aorta Umbilical arteries carry blood from hypogastric arteries to the placenta. Umbilical vein carries blood from the placenta to the ductus venosus. Ductus venosus is the connection of the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava. Ductus arteriosus shunts blood from the pulmonary artery to the descending aorta. Foramen ovale: valve opening that allows blood to flow directly to left atrium (shunting of blood right to left atrium due to low pressure in left atrium) Explain the highlights of the respiratory system-Correct️️ -Immature alveoli: development continues until childhood. Thicker alveolar wall: decreased surface area. Decreased lung elastic tissue and recoil. Tendency to nose breathe. Small compliant airway passages with higher airway resistance: immature reflexes. Immaturity of pulmonary surfactant system in immature newborns. Immature respiratory control. What are the 4 conditions for maintenance of adequate supply;-Correct️️ -1. Clear airway 2. Effective establishment of respirations 3. Adequate circulation, adequate perfusion, effective cardiac function. 4. Adequate thermoregulation (exposure to cold stress increases oxygen and glucose needs). Name the 4 components of the transition to extrauterine life:-Correct️️ -1. Baby breathes – baby uses their lungs for gas exchange 2. Fluid in alveoli is absorbed – fluid is replaced with air, relaxation of pulmonary vessels: low pulmonary vascular/ decreased pressure in right atrium, ventricle, and pulmonary arteries 3. Umbilical cord is clamped – placenta is no longer used for exchange of oxygen/CO2, increased systemic vascular resistance, increased pressure in left atrium/ventricle/aorta 4. Blood vessels in the lungs dilate – pulmonary blood flow increases, ductus arteriosus gradually constricts. Explain meconium-Correct️️ -Normal over 38 weeks gestation First stool Green–black in color Viscous and sticky– has occult blood Passes within 12–24 hours post birth May pass in utero What is meconium aspiration syndrome?-Correct️️ -More likely: fetal distress or post term newborns Complications: terminal airway obstruction, respiratory distress, inflammation, infection, persistent pulmonary hypertension of the n