Psych 221 Final Exam Questions & Answers Correctly Answered.

construal - the way a person perceives, comprehends, and interprets a social situation social psychology - The scientific discipline that attempts to understand and explain how the thoughts, feelings and behavior of individuals are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others behaviorism - theory that rewards reinforce the desire to continue behavior and punishments weaken the desire Gestalt Psychology - In order to understand perception one needs to understand all of the influences on the perceiver conjointly; Emphasis on the subjective way in which an object appears in people's minds Stanley Milgram - dealt with obedience Leon Festinger - cognitive dissonance theory Gordon Allport - contact hypothesis; research on discrimination and prejudice Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) - Set up after Milgram's studies; review research designs Cognitive Revolution and Reassessment - () IRBs created Globalization and Interdisciplinary View - (1984-present) multicultural perspective of social psych; influenced the interdisciplinary expansion of consumer behavior, law, management, education, health, and politicsFundamental Attribution Error - Also known as "correspondence bias". The tendency to overestimate the extent to which people's behavior is due to internal dispositional factors, and underestimate the role of situational factors What are the two basic human motives? - 1. The Self-Esteem Approach - the desire to feel good about ourselves 2. The Social Cognition Approach - the need to be accurate Self-Esteem Maintenance - the desire to feel good about ourselves Social Cognition Approach - the desire to be accurate about the social world What are the Five Fundamental Axioms? - 1. The power of the situation 2. Social influences are pervasive 3. People construct their own reality 4. Interactionist perspective (multiplicative effects of 2+ variables) 5. Fallibility of intuition What are the two types of hypotheses? - 1. Descriptive Hypotheses 2. Explanatory Hypotheses Descriptive Hypotheses - proposes a specific event, pattern of behavior or patter of data; must include a prediction Explanatory Hypotheses - proposes a "mechanism" by which the predicted event occurs; must include a prediction AND explanation