VTNE Math Practice Exam With Correct Solutions

VTNE Math Practice Exam With Correct Solutions The attending veterinarian asks you to administer 120 mg of enrofloxacin (Baytril) IV slow over 20 minutes to a dog that is hospitalized in your clinic. The strength of injectable enrofloxacin is 2.27%, how many milliliters of drug will you administer? Answer: 5.3 ml A 2.27% solution is 22.7 mg/ml. 120 mg divided by 22.7 mg/ml = 5.3 mls A 120-pound Great Dane has presented with Gastric Dilatation Volvulus. The clinician has asked you to quickly prepare the drug protocol. As a premedication, the dog is to receive 0.08 mg/kg of Hydromorphone. How many milligrams will you administer? Answer: 4.4 mg To calculate milligrams administered the dog's body weight should be converted to kilograms. As a general rule, the majority of medications are dosed in a milligram-per-kilogram dosing. Therefore all body weights need to be converted to kilograms so that you are working in the same units. 120 lb/2.2 = 54.5 kg (There are 2.2 lbs per kilogram) 54.5 kg x (0.08 mg/kg) = 4.4 mg (Notice the "kg" will cancel out when you do the math) If your answer was 9.6 mg, you did not convert the body weight into kilograms. How many milligrams are in 100 ml of a 3% solution? Answer: 3,000 mg A 3% solution is equal to 30 mg/mL. Now take 100 mL X 30 mg/mL = 3000 mg= 3 grams (since there are 1000 mg in 1 gram) How many milliliters should be administered to a 100-kg patient that needs 50 mg of a 2.5% solution? Answer: 2 ml Percent is equal to weight (in Grams) / 100 parts volume (in mLs) (This is based on water since 1 mL weighs 1 Gram): Example: A 3% solution: 3 Grams / 100 mL or 3000 mg / 100 mL or 30 mg/mL The easiest way to remember is to just add a zero onto any percentage for the milligrams (i.e. 2% solution = 20 mg/ml; 10% solution = 100 mg/ml, etc.) In this situation a 2.5% solution is equivalent to 25 mg/ml. Therefore: 50 mg / (25 mg/ml) = 2 ml A 4-kg puppy is in need of subcutaneous fluids due to dehydration. The doctor prescribed a dose of 20 ml/kg. How many milliliters should this patient receive? Answer: 80 ml To obtain the answer the following math should have been performed: 4 kg x (20 ml/kg) = 80 ml Notice the kilograms were canceled out. A dog presents with a history of coughing and rapid breathing. Radiographs confirm congestive heart failure (see image). You are asked to administer 2 mg/kg of furosemide IV. The concentration of furosemide is 50 mg/mL. The dog weighs 25 pounds. How many milliliters should you administer to this patient? Answer: 0.44 mL The dog is 25 pounds. 25 pounds/2.2 pounds per kg= 11.3 kg Now multiply the dog's weight in kg by the dose you need (2mg/kg): 11kg X 2mg = 22 mg The dog needs 22 mg. Now divide this dose by the concentration of furosemide (50 mg/mL): 22mg/ 50 = 0.44 mL You are instructed to administer 12 liters of sterile isotonic IV fluids via a fluid pump over the next 24 hours. What is the appropriate fluid rate to administer this volume of IV fluids? Answer: 500 mL/hour 12 liters (12000 mLs) divided by 24 hours would equal 500 mLs/hour. A 12 pound dog comes into the clinic with a history of vomiting for the last 24 hours. The doctor asks you to give an injection of Cerenia (maropitant) at a dose of 0.45mg/lb. Cerenia has a concentration of 10mg/ml. How many milliliters will be given to the dog? Answer: 0.54 mls (12lb) X (0.45mg/lb)=5.4mg (lbs cancel) 5.4mg divided by 10mg/ml=0.54mls (the milligrams cancel) A 60-kg dog needs to be sedated with dexmedetomidine and butorphanol. The doctor would like a dose of 10 ug/kg for dexmedetomidine and 0.1 mg/kg for butorphanol. Dexmedetomidine comes in a 1 mg/ml solution, and butorphanol is in a 10 mg/ml solution. How many milliliters of each medication will need to be administered for the patient's sedation? Answer: 0.6 ml of dexmedetomidine and 0.6 ml of butorphanol For dexmedetomidine, do the following math: 60 kg x (10 ug/kg) = 600 ug Note the units and convert to work with milligrams as the solution is in milligrams per milliliter. 600 ug / (1000 mg/ug) = 0.6 mg 0.6 mg / (1 mg/ml) = 0.6 ml For butorphanol, do the following math: 60 kg x 0.1 mg/kg = 6 mg 6 mg / (10 mg/ml) = 0.6 ml A 13.2-lb cat is being sent home with an oral solution of Tramadol for post-operative pain control. At a dose of 3 mg/kg, how many milliliters should be given if the solution comes in a 5 mg/ml concentration? Answer: 3.6 ml First, convert pounds to kilograms. 13.2 / (2.2 lb/kg) = 6 kg Then calculate milligrams necessary. 6 kg x 3 mg/ml = 18 mg Finally, calculate milliliters necessary. 18 mg / (5 mg/ml) = 3.6 ml A 60-lb patient is to go home on Clavamox after his dental cleaning. The dose is 14 mg/kg. What size tablet should the patient be sent home with? Answer: 375 mg After converting the body weight to kilograms the dose needs to be multiplied by the body weight. 60 lb / (2.2 lb/kg) = 27 kg (Notice the pounds cancel out) 27 kg x 14= 378 mg Many medications are available in different concentrations to accommodate different sized patients. This is particularly the case with oral medications so that owners don't have to worry about trying to halve or quarter medications. A 20-kg patient is currently receiving 52 ml/hr of Lactated Ringer's Solution. The clinician has requested that 2 mg/kg/day of metoclopramide be added to the bag. Metoclopramide is available as a 5 mg/ml solution. How many milliliters do you need to add to a 1 liter bag? Answer: 6.5 ml This is definitely a more complicated calculation question, but when broken down it is not insurmountable. A 20-kg patient will need 40 mg/day of metoclopramide (20 kg x 2 mg/kg/day) Since the fluid is being administered at an hourly rate, we need to figure out how much metoclopramide we are administering per hour. 40 mg/day / (24 hr) = 1.7 mg/hr To determine how much volume of metoclopramide is needed, the following math is performed: 1.7 mg/hr / (52 ml/hr) x (1000 ml)= 32.6 mg (Notice how the units cancel out.) 32.6 mg / (5 mg/ml) = 6.5 ml A 10 kg Miniature Schnauzer is to receive 22mg/kg cefazolin intravenously following a laceration repair. If the concentration of the cefazolin is 50mg/ml, how many milliliters should be administered? Answer: 4.4 The answer is 4.4 mL. 10kg x 22mg/kg = 220mg cefazolin. 220mg/ 50mg/ml = 4.4 mL to be administered. How many milliliters of 50% dextrose should be added to one liter of 0.9% saline in order to make it a 2.5% dextrose solution? Answer: 50 ml To answer this question, the following formula should be implemented: C(1)V(1) = C(2)V(2) C is the concentration V is the volume C(1) =0.5 V(1) = x C(2) = 0.025 V(2) = 1000 ml 0.5x = 0.025(1000) x = 50 ml 50 ml of 50% dextrose should be added to one liter in order to make a 2.5% solution. An 18 pound Cocker Spaniel has been admitted to your hospital for treatment of pancreatitis. The veterinarian would like you to start Lactated Ringers IV at a rate of 1.5 times maintenance. The maintenance rate is 60 ml/kg/day. How many milliliters per hour will you set the fluid pump to administer? Answer: 30 mls/hr First you must convert pounds to kilograms dividing 18 by 2.2= 8.18 kg. 8.18 kg multiplied by 60 ml/kg/day= 490 ml/day. 490 mls/day divided by 24 hours in a day= 20 mls/hr. This is your maintenance rate, now you must multiply that by 1.5 to get the maintenance and one half rate. 20 multiplied by 1.5= 30ml/hr. "Zoe", a 40 kg Labrador Retriever is recovering after a liver mass resection. The doctor asks you to start "Zoe" on a fentanyl constant rate infusion at 4 micrograms per kilogram per hour (ug/kg/hr). The concentration of fentanyl is 0.05mg/mL. The fluid rate is currently set at 100 mL/hour. How much fentanyl will you add to a liter of Normosol-R? Answer: 32 mL Constant rate infusions are not something that an entry level technician would typically perform. However, the VTNE may have some questions on CRI and it will benefit you to know how to do these calculations. To solve this problem, break down the basic parts to make it less overwhelming: 1) Convert pounds to kilograms- Note that in this problem the units are already in kg so no conversion is necessary. Make sure to pay attention to this. 2) Calculate the number of hours an infusion will last by dividing the volume in the bag (1 Liter, or 1,000 mL) by the rate per hour: 1,000 mL/100mL/hr = 10 hours (If the problem asks for a dose per minute, you will need to multiply the hours by 60 to convert to minutes, but since this problem asks for ug/kg/HOUR, you do not need to further convert)