Hematemesis and Upper GI Bleed (General Surgery EOR - Smarty PANCE) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Correct

Hematemesis and Upper GI Bleed (General Surgery EOR - Smarty PANCE) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Correct Define upper GI bleed Bleeding into the lumen of the proximal GI tract, proximal to the ligament of Treitz What are the signs/symptoms of an upper GI bleed? Hematemesis, melena, syncope, shock, fatigue, coffee-ground emesis, hematochezia, epigastric discomfort, epigastric tenderness, signs of hypovolemia, guaiac-positive stools Why is it possible to have hematochezia in an upper GI bleed? Blood is a cathartic and hematochezia usually indicates a vigorous rate of bleeding from the UGI source Are stools melenic or melanotic in an upper GI bleed? Melenic (melanotic is incorrect) How much blood do you need to have melena? 50 cc of blood What are the risk factors for an upper GI bleed? Alcohol, cigarettes, liver disease, burn/ trauma, aspirin/NSAIDs, vomiting, sepsis, steroids, previous UGI bleeding, history of peptic ulcer disease (PUD), esophageal varices, portal hypertension, splenic vein thrombosis, abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (aortoenteric fistula), burn injury, trauma