Ocean 100 Sacramentogrilo Exam 2 Questions With 100% Verified Answers

Ocean 100 Sacramentogrilo Exam 2 Questions With 100% Verified Answers What makes up the water molecule? - answer1. 2 hydrogen (+) atoms, attracts (-) atoms 2. 1 oxygen (-) atoms, attracts (+) atoms what is the bond angle of the water molecule? - answer105° what's so peculiar about this molecule? - answerit's one of the few molecules on earth present in 3 different ways: liquid, solid, & gas what kind of bonds are in the water molecule? - answercovalent bonds (sharing electrons between O & H atoms) what kind of bonds connect all the water molecules together to form liquid? - answerhydrogen bonds what do these bonds lead to? - answerbind water molecules together; cohesion - > surface tension why is water a polar molecule? - answerb/c it has 1 side that is positively charged & 1 side that is negatively charged what do we call water as a result & why? - answera universal solvent b/c it dissolves substances what happens to salt (NaCl) in water? - answerit dissolves; na (+) atoms are attracted to o (-) atoms & cl (-) are attracted to h (+) atoms what are the 3 phases of water? - answerice (solid), water (liquid), vapor (gas) how does 1 phase get changed to another? - answer1. water - > ice (heat is removed) 2. ice - > water (heat is added) 3. water - > gas (heat is added) what is heat capacity? - answeramount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1g of a substance by 1°C what is the heat capacity of water? why? - answerhigh heat capacity b/c water molecules don't want to change (thermal inertia) what is the heat capacity of sand? why? - answerlow heat capacity b/c it takes little energy to raise its temperature how do the thermal properties of water influence coastal climates? - answeroceans moderate the coastal climate (winter & summer have similar temperatures & are moderate); inland (winters & summers differ extremely b/c there is no ocean) how does salinity & temperature affect density? - answer1. as salinity increases, density increases 2. as temperature decreases, density increases what is density? - answermass per unit volume (g/cm3) what happens to cold, salty water? - answerthermal contraction (molecules lose energy & slow down & occupy less space) what happens to warm, brackish water? - answerthermal expansion (molecules gain energy & speed up & occupy more space) what does water do at the poles? why? - answercontracts b/c it is cold, sinks b/c it is cold, salty, & dense what does water do at the equator? why? - answerexpands b/c it is hot, rises b/c it is warm & less dense what is the temperature of the maximum density of water? - answer4°C (1g/cm3) how does the density of water change with freezing? - answerdensity increases but later becomes less dense after reaching a max temperature of 4°C why does ice float on water? - answerb/c it is less dense (there is more space between its molecules) what is salinity? - answertotal amount of dissolved solids (ions) in water what is the average salinity in the world's oceans? - answer3.5% (35 parts per thousand) what are the most abundant salt ions? - answer1. chloride 2. sodium what is the surface salinity like at the equator? - answersalinity is in the middle (high evaporation & high precipitation) what is the surface salinity like at subtropical latitudes (30°)? - answerhigh salinity (high evaporation, low precipitation, & low river runoff)