OSAT: Early Childhood Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers

OSAT: Early Childhood Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers Sensorimotor Period: Birth to One Month - answerInfants learn to comprehend their environment through their inborn reflexes Preoperational Stage of Cognitive Development - answero Roughly bet`ween the ages of 2-6 years old o Begin to use objects to represent things, i.e, symbolic representation o Play pretend/Make believe. o Their thinking is intuitive rather than following logical steps o "Egocentric" in that they cannot adopt another's point of view Sensorimotor Period: 1-4 months - answerBabies begin to coordinate their physical sensations with new schemas Sensorimotor Period: 4-8 Months - answerChildren also repeat rewarding actions, but now they are focused on things in the environment that they can affect, rather than just the child's own person. Sensorimotor Period: 8-12 months - answerInfants begin further exploring their surroundings. Sensorimotor Period: 12-18 months - answerChildren begin experimenting through trial-and- error. Sensorimotor Period: 18-24 months - answerChildren begin representing objects and events with symbols. Begin to understand the world via not only actions, but mental operations. Schema - answerMental constructs or concepts that represent elements of the environment. A category or class of things. Assimilation - answerWhen we fit something into an existing schema Accommodation - answerWhen something new cannot be assimilated into an existing schema, we either modify that schema or form a new schema conservation - answero The cognitive ability to understand that objects or substances retain their properties of numbers or amounts even when their appearance, shape, or configuration changes Sociocultural Theory - answerBelieved that all children's mental, language and social development is supported by and enhanced through social interactions Zone of Proximal Development - answerThe difference between what the child can accomplish independently and what he or she can achieve in conjunction with another more competent person Scaffolding - answerAssistance in the ZPD. At the beginning of a new task, scaffolding should be concrete and visible, but should be slowly removed after that. Builds on children's strengths, enabling the children to grow cognitively and become independent learners. Self-actualization - answerMaximizing one's potential Erikson's stages of psychosocial development - answerTrust vs. Mistrust (birth- 18 months) Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt (18 months- 3 years) Initiative vs. Guild (3-5 years) Industry vs. Inferiority (5- 8 years) Trust vs. Mistrust - answer(Birth-18 months) Trust develops when children's needs are met consistently, predictably, and lovingly. Caring for basic needs. autonomy vs. Shame/doubt - answer(18 months-3 years) Learn independence and competence. Toddlers learn to be self-sufficient or to doubt their abilities in activities. initiative vs guild - answer• (3 years-5 years)-Children need opportunities to respond with initiative to activities and tasks, which give them a sense of purposefulness and accomplishment. Children are learning and want to undertake many adultlike activities. Exercise control over environments. Industry vs. Inferiority - answer(5-8 years)- Children display an industrious attitude and want to be productive. Build things, discover, manipulate objects, and find out how things work. Garner's Eight Intelligences - answerVisual/Spatial Verbal/Linguistic Mathmatical/Logical Bodily/Kinesthetic Musical/Rhythmic Intrapersonal