Introduction to Psychology (Exam
1)QUESTION AND ANSWERS GRADE A+
SOLUTIONS
What is Psychology?
The study of mind and behavior.
What is Nativism (Nature)?
Nativism is the theory that knowledge is innate and inborn. Our
biological endowment makes up who we are.
Brainpower
Read More
What is Empiricism (Nurture)?
Empiricism is the idea that we gain knowledge through experience and
surroundings. Our environment makes up who we are.
Plato
He believes in the philosophical view that certain kinds of knowledge
are innate and inborn (nativism/nature).
Aristotle
He believes in philosophical empiricism which states that knowledge
is gained through experience.
Wilhelm Wundt
He believes in the idea of structuralism. Structuralism is when you
analyze the brain by breaking it down to its main components.
William James
He believes in the idea of functionalism. Functionalism is when you
see how someone functions or adapts to new aspects in their
environment.
John Watson
He believed that psychology and the mind was not able to be studied
through scientific inquiry. Instead, he was a behaviorist who focused
more so the actions of humans to explain their train of thought.
B.F. Skinner
He was another behaviorist that believed in Pavlov's experiments and
Watson's theories. He studied how behavior was learned according to
circumstance.
Sigmund Freud
He came up with psychoanalytic theory which is very much so used
today. Psychoanalysis is the study of unconscious mind and how it
affects a person's thoughts, feelings, and emotions.
Behaviorism
, an approach that advocates that psychologists restrict themselves to
the scientific study objectively observable behavior
Cognitive Psychology
the scientific study of mental processes including perception,
thought, memory, and experience
Evolutionary Psychology
a psychological approach that explains mind and behavior in terms of
the adaptive value of abilities that are preserved over time by
natural selection (Influenced by Darwin, James, and EO Wilson)
Humanistic Psychology
an approach to understanding human nature that emphasizes the
positive potential of human beings
Social Psychology
A subfield of psychology that studies the causes and consequences of
interpersonal studies
Cultural Psychology
Study of how cultures reflect and shape the psychological processes
of their members
Emergence of Cognitive Psychology
It became a thing when Max Wertheimer began to study illusions and
errors when it came to the mind. He came up with the Gestalt theory
that states that we rather perceive the "sum" over the "parts". Kurt
Lewin believed that we saw the world as we saw it and not at all how
it actually was. The invention of computers made most psychologists
ignore this and see psychology objectively.
Operational Definition
It is the description of a property in concrete, measurable terms.
For example, you can operationally define happiness as the amount of
times that someone smiles.
Dependent variable
A variable whose value depends on another variable
Independent variable
A variable who is manipulated for an experiment, but does not depend
on another
Reliability
It is the tendency for an instrument to produce the same measurement
whenever it is used to measure the same thing.
Power
An instrument's ability to detect change in the property.
Validity
The goodness with which a concrete event defines a property
Demand Characteristics
The aspects of an observational setting that caused people to behave
as they think they should
1)QUESTION AND ANSWERS GRADE A+
SOLUTIONS
What is Psychology?
The study of mind and behavior.
What is Nativism (Nature)?
Nativism is the theory that knowledge is innate and inborn. Our
biological endowment makes up who we are.
Brainpower
Read More
What is Empiricism (Nurture)?
Empiricism is the idea that we gain knowledge through experience and
surroundings. Our environment makes up who we are.
Plato
He believes in the philosophical view that certain kinds of knowledge
are innate and inborn (nativism/nature).
Aristotle
He believes in philosophical empiricism which states that knowledge
is gained through experience.
Wilhelm Wundt
He believes in the idea of structuralism. Structuralism is when you
analyze the brain by breaking it down to its main components.
William James
He believes in the idea of functionalism. Functionalism is when you
see how someone functions or adapts to new aspects in their
environment.
John Watson
He believed that psychology and the mind was not able to be studied
through scientific inquiry. Instead, he was a behaviorist who focused
more so the actions of humans to explain their train of thought.
B.F. Skinner
He was another behaviorist that believed in Pavlov's experiments and
Watson's theories. He studied how behavior was learned according to
circumstance.
Sigmund Freud
He came up with psychoanalytic theory which is very much so used
today. Psychoanalysis is the study of unconscious mind and how it
affects a person's thoughts, feelings, and emotions.
Behaviorism
, an approach that advocates that psychologists restrict themselves to
the scientific study objectively observable behavior
Cognitive Psychology
the scientific study of mental processes including perception,
thought, memory, and experience
Evolutionary Psychology
a psychological approach that explains mind and behavior in terms of
the adaptive value of abilities that are preserved over time by
natural selection (Influenced by Darwin, James, and EO Wilson)
Humanistic Psychology
an approach to understanding human nature that emphasizes the
positive potential of human beings
Social Psychology
A subfield of psychology that studies the causes and consequences of
interpersonal studies
Cultural Psychology
Study of how cultures reflect and shape the psychological processes
of their members
Emergence of Cognitive Psychology
It became a thing when Max Wertheimer began to study illusions and
errors when it came to the mind. He came up with the Gestalt theory
that states that we rather perceive the "sum" over the "parts". Kurt
Lewin believed that we saw the world as we saw it and not at all how
it actually was. The invention of computers made most psychologists
ignore this and see psychology objectively.
Operational Definition
It is the description of a property in concrete, measurable terms.
For example, you can operationally define happiness as the amount of
times that someone smiles.
Dependent variable
A variable whose value depends on another variable
Independent variable
A variable who is manipulated for an experiment, but does not depend
on another
Reliability
It is the tendency for an instrument to produce the same measurement
whenever it is used to measure the same thing.
Power
An instrument's ability to detect change in the property.
Validity
The goodness with which a concrete event defines a property
Demand Characteristics
The aspects of an observational setting that caused people to behave
as they think they should
