NSG374 Maternal Newborn Final Exam Study Guide 2022// 2023

1. Critical Factors Affecting Labor and Birth ("5 P's"): · Passageway (birth canal: pelvis & soft tissues) · Passenger (fetus and placenta) · Powers (contractions) · Position (maternal) · Psychological response 2. Pelvic shape: o Gynecoid: favorable for vaginal delivery o Android: male-shaped, not favorable o Anthropoid: usually adequate, sunny side up o Platypelloid: not favorable 3. Passenger: Fetal Presentation: Cephalic (vertex) o Military o Brow o Face (see Figure 13.7) Breech o Frank o Full or complete o Footling or incomplete (see Figure 13.8) 4. Contractions - Mild IUCs: Feels like the tip of the nose to palapation 5. Contractions Moderate IUCs: Make the woman take notice but are ok.Feel like the tip of the chin 6. Contractions Strong IUCs: · Strong IUCs: Make her toes curl! Feel like the firm forehead 7. Physiologic Responses to Labor: Maternal: · Increased heart rate, cardiac output, blood pressure (during contractions) · Increased white blood cell count · Increased respiratory rate and oxygen consumption · Decreased gastric motility and food absorption · Decreased gastric emptying and gastric pH · Slight temperature elevation · Muscle aches/cramps · Increased BMR · Decreased blood glucose levels 2 / 35 8. Stages of Labor First stage: True labor to complete cervical dilatation (10 cm) Longest of all stages Three phases: Latent phase, Active phase, & Transition phas