Biology Major Field Test Study Set 2024 with Complete Solutions.

"4 Biomolecules and Monomers - ANSWER-Protein (amino acids) Carbohydrates (simple sugars) Lipids (glycerol and fatty acids) Nuclei acids (nucleotides)" dipeptides - ANSWER-two amino acids bonded together what is the general fatty acid formula - ANSWER-CH3(CH2)nCOOH where n= an even number between 12 and 24 explain identifying saturated vs. unsaturated fats - ANSWER-saturated: only single bonds in hydrocarbon chain... unsaturated: one or more double bonds glycerides - ANSWER-glycerol and 3 fatty acids Levels of Protein Structure - ANSWER-1. order of amino acids 2. alpha-helices or beta-pleated sheets 3. bonding b/w a.a. side chains 4. multi-subunit structure nucleotide is composed of - ANSWER-phosphate group; sugar group; nitrogenous base Vmax - ANSWER-maximum reaction rate at which point substrate is saturated with enzyme Feedback Inhibition - ANSWER-end-product of enzyme catalyzed rxn. blocks original enz. Competitive Inhibition - ANSWER-molecules compete with substrate for enzyme's active sites irreversible inhibitors - ANSWER-chemically and covalently bind to active site; rendering it permanently inactive psuedoirreversible inhibitors - ANSWER-extremely high affinities for active site; hard to displace noncompetitive inhibitors - ANSWER-do not compete for active site but act elsewhere on enz.; altering 3D shape photosynthesis - ANSWER-anabolic process that converts sunlight into energy stored in the phosphate bonds of ATP, then more permanently stored in bonds of organic carbon com