COMMRC0310 Dr. Bannon Exam Questions Complete Answers

COMMRC0310 Dr. Bannon Exam Questions Complete Answers What are the ways in which meaning emerges in rhetoric? - Answer -Language use is based on experience Perceptual patterns emerge from our experiences Language contains frameworks for conceptualizing what we experience Meaning emerges from the interaction among symbols in the context of use How do language choices impact meaning? - Answer -Grammar (space between terms, passive/active voice, word order) Vocabulary (denotation and connotation), Imagery (figures and tropes) How does our selection of symbols shape the way we understand our experiences? - Answer -"The selection [of a symbol to describe an event] creates a frame that highlights certain features and, necessarily, hides others. These frames are called schemas" Symbols help us make sense of what has occurred, particularly as a group. What is the relationship between language and action? - Answer -Basically, it's possible to act with language. Per Hauser, "To use language in situated contexts is to act with language" What is the context theorem of meaning? - Answer -Words are successfully meaningful in the context insofar as they animate and are animated In a metaphor, what are the focus and the frame? - Answer -Focus is the salient (or prominent) term Frame is the literal portion of the metaphor What is the system of associated commonplaces? - Answer -The standard beliefs that are shared by members of the same speech community when they use a term literally In a metaphor, what is emphasis and resonance? - Answer -Emphasis is the degree to which the focus is essential for the meaning of the metaphor The number of implications we can draw from the interplay between the principal subject and the subsidiary subject How do Keith and Lundberg define rhetoric? - Answer -The study of producing discourses and interpreting how, when, and why discourses are persuasive Who were the Sophists and why were they important? - Answer -Traveling teachers who started to teach Athenians how to speak persuasively with the goal of navigating the courts and senate What was Plato's criticism of rhetoric? - Answer -That it was a disconnected set of techniques without a central ethical concern or philosophical system What are Aristotle's three types of speeches? What do they do? - Answer -Forensic (courtroom setting, about what happened, past oriented) Epideictic (ceremonial [e.g. funeral] setting, about praising/blaming, aimed at emphasizing/showing forth particular qualities in someone) Deliberative (lawmaking setting [e.g. floor of Congress], about what community should do, future oriented) What are the three types of rhetorical appeals or proofs? - Answer -Ethos Pathos Logos What three basic points did Aristotle argue about rhetoric? - Answer -First, rhetoric can be treated as a coherent area of inquiry Second, rhetoric and logic are necessary counterparts Third, the forms and functions of speeches are shaped by the possible speech goals How do Keith and Lundberg define identity? - Answer -The set of labels, patterns behavior, and ways of representing yourself that make up your public persona What is the herd instinct? - Answer -The tendency to keep our beliefs, and thus our actions, within the bounds of what society will accept