CMGT - 360 DBIA FUNDAMENTALS OF PROJECT Practice Questions And Complete Verified Answers/2024.

Hammurabi - correct answer ( BC) established the earliest known body of laws written to govern its people which included codes for builders Code of Hammurabi - correct answer Obligation of design & construction to society Vitruvius - correct answer * Roman writer, engineer, architect lived in 1st century BC (Roman Empire) ++ He created the original design and construction hand book (De Architectura Libri Decem "10 books of architecture" -- manufacturer of building materials/roads & bridges/heating water/amplification) * Credited with transitionong the practice of architecture and engineering to a routine practice * Established design and construction management as learned professions Brunelleschi - correct answer * Quintessential design-builder and innovator () * Italian Artist-Architect-Builder (1420) * Master Builders who developed the "dome" concept for the Gothic Cathedral of Florence (the duomo) * Key figgure in the transition from the Middle Ages to the modern Renaissance area Middle Ages - correct answer Craft training and education Renaissance - correct answer Separate design and construction Leone Battista Alberti - correct answer * First intentional separation of the art from the craft (1456) * Poet, Philosopher and secretary to the Pope. * The rise of professionalism: First push to separate design and construction as distinct functions The Rise of Professionalism - correct answer * Established architecture as a profession distinct from the science of engineering and construction * From 15th century Renaissance in to 19th century Industrial Revolution, Architects retained responsibilities for both design and construction * Industrial Revolution brought on the separation of design and construction Return to Integration - correct answer * DBIA founded in 1993 to help standardize and advocate for an already emerging design-build industry * Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) * Building Information Modeling (BIM) * Sustainable Design (Green/LEED) * High Performance Contracting (LEAN - Toyota Production Model) Effects of the Industrial Revolution - correct answer - Division of Labor: Building professions took on increasingly defined roles of architects, engineer, and builder - Entrepreneurship: need fpr architects and engineers to take risk and assure performance and cost of facilities (construction) - Need for capital: Responded to need by non-participating owners (stockholders) becoming an integral part of projects Professional Societies - correct answer • Greater professional specialization • Increase in specialized knowledge • Promotion & advocacy of professional interests & markets • Ethical standards of practice • Rise of conflict-of-interest issues ++Middle 19th century there was a clear distinction had been made between design professionals and builders • 1852 American Society of Civil Engineers an Architects (ASCEA) • 1857 Architects dropped and American Institute of Architects (AIA) was formed ++Design professionals wanted to separate themselves from sometimes corrupt builders The Miller Act (1935) - correct answer ++Public contracting law mandating separation of design from construction * Contractor selection solely on lowest responsible bid * Existing Federal law requiring any federal project exceeding $100,000 to require two bonds (performance and a labor and material bond) * Implemented during World War I and Wold War II to reduce the risk of fraud, favoritism, undue influence, and reassurance to taxpayers their tax dollars were being spent properly. * Worked well for a long time... but new procurement methods are on the rise, especially the construction industry Professional licensing requirements - correct answer * First license laws for Architect licensing initiated in 1897 * Architects, engineers, and contractors are required to be registered as licensed or certificated in most every state ++Professional license laws do not require design and construction be separate functions The Advent of Modern Design-Builders - correct answer Lack of voluntary cooperation on more demanding jobsites lead to the advent of new delivery systems: * Construction managers (CM) * CM@Risk *Design-Build (Integrated Project Delivery) Project Delivery - correct answer A comprehensive process including planning, design, construction & other services, necessary for organizing, executing & completing a building facility or project (method to organize, execute and complete a project) Three fundamental Owner decisions - correct answer Delivery system, Procurement method, and contract format (Developing the "Acquisition Strategy)