AQA A-LEVEL SOCIOLOGY 7192/2 Paper 2 Topics in Sociology Mark scheme  June Version: 1.0 Final Exam With Complete Solutions

AQA A-LEVEL SOCIOLOGY 7192/2 Paper 2 Topics in Sociology Mark scheme  June Version: 1.0 Final Exam With Complete Solutions Benefit Cheats - People who claim Welfare they're not entitled to Bureaucracy - A system of government in which most of the important  decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected  representatives. Caste System - a set of rigid social categories that determined not only a  person's occupation and economic potential, but also his or her position in  society Childhood - the stage of life that follows infancy and spans the period from  the second birthday to the beginning of adolescence Chivalry Thesis - The belief that the police and courts, because they are  male dominated, are easier on women Class alignment - Suggests a connection between voters' class positions  and their voting preferences. Class deal - A deal that offers women material rewards such as consumer  goods in return for working for a wage Class dealignment - The decline in the relationship between social class and  voting Constituancy - a group of citizens who can elect reprisentatives to  government positions; a group of supporters control theory - A view of conformity and deviance that suggests that our  connection to members of society leads us to systematically conform to  society's norms. Absolute Poverty - The point at which a household's income falls below the  necessary level to purchase food to physically sustain its members Achieved Status - A social position that a person attains largely through his  or her own efforts aging population - A demographic trend that occurs as the average age of a  population rises Agencies of Formal Social Control - Agencies of the state such as the police  force that exercise control over people based on laws. Agencies Of Informal Social Control - Groups and organisations such as the  Workplace and the family that control people's behaviour based on social  processes such as approval. Anomie - a sense of aimlessness or despair that arises when we can no  longer reasonably expect life to be predictable; too little social regulation;  normlessness Alienation - Under capitalism workers become cut off from their work  because they have no control over the production or products of their  labour. Anti-social behaviour - Any behaviour that is disruptive or harmful to the  wellbeing or property of another person or to the functioning of a group or  society. Ascribed Status - A social position assigned to a person by society without  regard for the person's unique talents or characteristics. Authority - the power or right to give orders, make decisions, and enforce  obedience. Corporate Crime - the illegal actions of a corporation or people acting on its  behalf Crime - A violation of criminal law for which some governmental authority  applies formal penalties. Crime Rate - A measure of the incidence of crime expressed as the number  of crimes per unit of population or some other base. criminal justice system - the system of police, courts, and prisons set up to  deal with people who are accused of having committed a crime Criminal Subculture - in Cloward and Ohlin's theory, the subculture that  emerges in areas where criminal role models and financially rewarding  crimes are available; offenders tend to focus on using criminal means to  make money Crisis of masculinity - The idea that men's perception of what a man is and  how he ought to behave has been undermined by social and economic  changes. dark figure of crime - Crime that is not reported to the police and that  remains unknown to officials.