Final BIOS -251 WEEK 8 review questio ns and answers Cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei containing the same number of chromosomes - CORRECT ANSWER -Mitosis The resting phase of mitosis. Cell grows, performs its normal functions, and prepares for division; consists of G1, S, and G2 phases - CORRECT ANSWER -Interphase Cells that have left the cycle and cease dividing for a long time (or permanently) - CORRECT ANSWER -G Zero (G0) Phase The first gap, or growth phase, of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins. - CORRECT ANSWER -G1 Phase The synthesis phase of the cell cycle; the portion of interphase during which DNA is replicated. - CORRECT ANSWER -S Phase The second gap, or growth phase, of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase after DNA synthesis occurs. Growth and preparation for mitosis - CORRECT ANSWER -G2 Phase First and longest phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes become visible and the centrioles separate and take up positions on the opposite sides of the nucleus - CORRECT ANSWER -Prophase Second phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell - CORRECT ANSWER -Metaphase The third phase of mitosis, during which the chromosome pairs separate and move toward opposite poles - CORRECT ANSWER -Anaphase The final phase of cell division, between anaphase and interphase, in which the chromatids or chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell and two nuclei are formed. - CORRECT ANSWER -Telophase Division of the cytoplasm during cell division - CORRECT ANSWER -Cytokinesis Cell division that produces reproductive cells (gametes) in sexually reproducing organisms - CORRECT ANSWER -Meiosis Compare and Contrast Mitosis and Meiosis - CORRECT ANSWER -Mitosis produces two diploid (2n) somatic cells that are genetically identical to each other and the original parent cell, whereas meiosis produces four haploid (n) gametes that are genetically unique from each other and the original parent (germ) cell. Number of Chromosomes in Humans... - CORRECT ANSWER -46 Haploid Number of Chromosomes In Humans - CORRECT ANSWER -23 Control center of the cell; a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction - CORRECT ANSWER -Nucleus Processes and transports proteins made at attached ribosomes; synthesizes phospholipids - CORRECT ANSWER -Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) Fatty acid and steroid synthesis; detoxifies toxic substances - CORRECT ANSWER -
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) A cell organelle that helps make and package materials to be transported out of the cell - CORRECT ANSWER -Golgi Complex Cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell - CORRECT ANSWER -Lysosomes Produce hydrogen peroxide, detoxifies harmful substances, oxidizes fatty acids, and protects cell from free radicals - CORRECT ANSWER -Peroxisomes - Hollow, cylindrical organelle that disposes of unnecessary and damaged proteins - Contain enzymes that break down tagged, targeted proteins into short peptides and amino acids - CORRECT ANSWER -Proteasomes - Located near the nucleus and help to organize cell division - Form mitotic spindle during mitosis - CORRECT ANSWER -Centrioles A structure in cells containing two centrioles from which the spindle fibers develop and organized - CORRECT ANSWER -Centrosome Point of growth for cilium or flagellum - CORRECT ANSWER -Basal Body Cell component responsible for energy production; powerhouse of the cell - CORRECT ANSWER -Mitochondria Organelle responsible for protein synthesis - CORRECT ANSWER -Ribosomes Network of protein filaments that aid in intracellular support, cell movement, and moves organelles. - CORRECT ANSWER -Cytoskeleton
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) A cell organelle that helps make and package materials to be transported out of the cell - CORRECT ANSWER -Golgi Complex Cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell - CORRECT ANSWER -Lysosomes Produce hydrogen peroxide, detoxifies harmful substances, oxidizes fatty acids, and protects cell from free radicals - CORRECT ANSWER -Peroxisomes - Hollow, cylindrical organelle that disposes of unnecessary and damaged proteins - Contain enzymes that break down tagged, targeted proteins into short peptides and amino acids - CORRECT ANSWER -Proteasomes - Located near the nucleus and help to organize cell division - Form mitotic spindle during mitosis - CORRECT ANSWER -Centrioles A structure in cells containing two centrioles from which the spindle fibers develop and organized - CORRECT ANSWER -Centrosome Point of growth for cilium or flagellum - CORRECT ANSWER -Basal Body Cell component responsible for energy production; powerhouse of the cell - CORRECT ANSWER -Mitochondria Organelle responsible for protein synthesis - CORRECT ANSWER -Ribosomes Network of protein filaments that aid in intracellular support, cell movement, and moves organelles. - CORRECT ANSWER -Cytoskeleton
