Pathophysiology Exam 2 Blueprint Complete Questions And Answers

What is ventilation? - Answer-The process of inspiration and expiration of air through the pulmonary airways to the alveoli What is oxygenation? - Answer-The process of supplying oxygen to the cells and tissues of the body What is perfusion? - Answer-The movement of blood through the pulmonary circulation to the alveoli What are the most common types of pneumonia and how are they acquired? - Answer-Community acquired: s. pneumoniae Hospital acquired: MRSA or VRE Ventilator associated: enterococcus Aspiration pneumonia: when anaerobic bacteria (staph) is swallowed from the oropharynx Walking pneumonia: caused by living in close quarters and being exposed to mycoplasma. What are the risk factors of aspiration pneumonia? - Answer-Stroke Dysphagia Coma Chronic gingivitis or periodontal disease Alcohol intoxication What are the general risk factors of pneumonia? - Answer-Current infection with influenza (or other respiratory viral infections) Immunosuppressed patients (like HIV) Smoking Lung cancers or tumors COPD Bronchiectasis AsthmaAtelectasis What is the general prevention of pneumonia? - Answer-Pneumococcal vaccine Smoking cessation Social distancing Preventing aspiration Hand hygiene What is the general treatment of pneumonia? - Answer-Antibiotic therapy Oxygen therapy IV fluids Bronchodilators Analgesia and Antipyretics What is atelectasis? What is the pathophysiology of atelectasis? What is a consequence of atelectasis? - Answer-Lung collapse When a small number of alveoli collapses due to a variety of factors inhibiting the alveoli from fully extending, resulting in a decrease in gas exchange. What is the etiology of atelectasis? - Answer-Something is inhibiting the alveoli from FULLY extending, resulting in them collapsing caused by: Some compressive force (tumors) Pleural effusion Postoperative respiratory depressionShallow breaths and low RR Obstruction of bronchioles High amounts of supplemental O2 What is the treatment of atelectasis? Why does this treatment work? - Answer-Deep breath and cough The force of the cough forces air into the alveoli to help them reinflate What is the etiology of acute pharyngitis? What are the symptoms? - Answer-Etiology: Streptococcus pyogenes (bacterial) Swollen/red pharyngeal membranes red/swollen tonsils Tonsil covered in white exudate Cervical lymph nodes swollen Fever Malaise