Phlebotomy National Exam Study Guide.docx

OSHA - correct answer Occupational Saftey & Health Administration What vaccination does OSHA require all health care personnel get? - correct answer OSHA requires that all health care personnel exposed to blood and other bodily fluids must receive a vaccination against Hepatitis B Pulmonary Edema - correct answer Fluid in the lungs How much blood can a person donate in a session? - correct answer 500 mL Patients have the right to what? - correct answer Under the Patient Bill Of Rights they always have the option to decline medical treatment and to know what tests are being performed on them. What can you NOT give a patient? - correct answer Results or a diagnosis. Because you are not medically qualified to do so. Negligence is? - correct answer Failure to give appropriate care. DON'T BE NEGLIGENT! PPE stands for? - correct answer Personal Protective Equipment One of the most important practices is? - correct answer Hand Washing is one of the most important (and easiest) practices used to prevent transmission of bloodborne pathogens Needles should never be - correct answer recapped Sharps containers must be what? - correct answer puncture-resistent, leak proof on the sides and bottom and must be labeled or color-coded Types of Hazards - correct answer Biologic - Infectious agents that can cause bacterial, viral, fungal or parasitic infections Sharps - Needles, lancets and broken glass can puncture and cut, causing blood-borne pathogen exposure Chemical - Preservatives and chemicals used in the laboratory. Exposure to Toxin, Carcinogenic or caustic substances Fire or explosive - bunsen burners, oxygen and chemicals can cause burns or dismemberment Physical - wet floors, heavy lifting ance cause falls, sprains and strains * ALLERGIC reaction ** - Latex sensitivity is a PHYSICAL reaction to care worker allergic reation to the patient In infection control WHO is the agent? - correct answer Person In infection control WHAT is portal of exit? - correct answer Needle In infection control WHAT can we control? - correct answer Mode Of Transmission OR exit of infection In infection control WHAT is a portal of entry? - correct answer Mucas membrane In infection control WHO is a susceptible host? - correct answer Person Mode of Transmission - correct answer Specific ways in which microorganisms travel from the reservoir to the suseptible host Five main types or mode of transmission - correct answer contact - direct and indirect (fomite) Droplet - Cold, Flu and sneezing Airborne - viral - breath in common vehicle - person, fomite and not handwashing vector borne - illness that is transmitted through an invertebrate, such as an insect Mode of infection - correct answer the point in the infection chain where we aim at preventing the spread of infectious disease Standard precautions do what? - correct answer Infection control method designed to prevent direct contact with blood and other body fluids and tissues by using a barrier of protection and work control practices. What do we assume all patients to be? - correct answer Patients are presumed to be infective for blood-borne pathogens Standard precautions consist of what itmes? - correct answer Gloves - when collecting and handling body fluids, or tissue specimen Face shield - when danger of splashing on mucous membranes Disposal - dispose of all needles and sharp objests in punture-proof containers, WITH OUT RECAPPING Disinfectants - clean fluid spills, thus killing pathogenic organisms Medical Asepsis - correct answer This condition is best defined as "the destruction of pathogenic microorganisms after they leave the body". It also involves enviromental hygien measures such as equipment cleaning and disinfection procedures. Methods of medical asepsis are Standard Precautions and Transmission-based Precautions What are barrier protections? - correct answer Masks Gloves Face Shields Resirator Gloves How do you remove PPE equipment? - correct answer 1st - Gloves 2nd - Gown 3rd - Shield What type of soap should be used? - correct answer Non-abrasive, antibacterial soap. What do you do if blood splashes in the eye or mucous membane? - correct answer Flush with warm water (hotter the better) for 15 minutes Report incident exposure to your supervisor ASAP! Who cannot be identified in an incident report? - correct answer a minor Bedside manner includes? - correct answer introduce yourself, ask patient name and b-day. Explain what you will be doing. Chat with patient to keep mind off poke. ADVISE them WHEN you are poking! Speak to them on a first name basis What phase is best practice - correct answer "pleasant with the patient and professional with the poke". If patient has an I.V. where do you draw blood? - correct answer Downstream from the I.V. Double Mastectomy patients should ONLY have blood drawn from what? - correct answer Hands Left Mastectomy patients should have blood drawn from what side? - correct answer Right side What is a Fistula? - correct answer artificial connections of veins What is a Graft? - correct answer artificial artery connection to vein Sclerosis is? - correct answer Hard and cord like veins For obese patients what vein is used? - correct answer Cephalic Vein is most likely to be the one you can palpate and draw blood from in an obese patient Cephalic means what? - correct answer Head Most common complication in Phlebotomy - correct answer Hematoma To prevent a Hematoma - correct answer prevented if pressure is placed on the venipuncture site until bleeding stops If a patient faints what is the 1st thing to do? - correct answer GET the needle out of the arm Vasovagal Syncope is - correct answer fainting, dizziness before, during or after venipuncture Circulatory System funtion - correct answer is todeliver oxyge, nutrients, hormones and enzymes to the cells. Transport cellular waste such as carbon dioxide and urea to the organs where they can be expelled from the body. Circulatory exchange is done where? - correct answer capillary level