Bio 106 WSU Carloye Exam 4 Questions with Verified Solutions

Bio 106 WSU Carloye Exam 4 Questions with Verified Solutions What is the difference between blood and hemolymph? Blood: In a Closed circulatory system and is confined to vessels. Hemolymph (AKA interstitial fluid): In an Open circulatory system and bathes the body cells. What are the major types of blood cells? red and white cells What adaptations allow an animal to use diffusion across its skin as the only mechanism for gas exchange? The animal must be thin and have a large surface area. Animals that only diffuse across the skin have a dense network of capillaries just below the skin that allows for the exchange of gases. The respiratory surface is a thin, moist epithelium. What is the relationship between the surface area-to-volume ratio and efficiency of exchange across a surface? Surface Area to Volume large ratio allows O2/CO2 gas exchange across whole body Not all animals use a circulatory system to transport oxygen and remove carbon dioxide. How do insects and some spiders accomplish gas exchange? Insects have a tracheal system which includes spiracles (let air into the system) which are connected to tracheae that run very close to every tissue cell and allow for diffusion of gasses. In a two-chambered heart, where does the blood go after it leaves the atrium? (Give the entire pathway ending back in the atrium) ventricle--->Gills ---> Body Capallaries---> Veins---> Atrium In a four-chambered heart, where does the blood go after it leaves the right atrium? (Give the entire pathway ending back in the right atrium) Right ventricle---> Pulmonary Artery --- >Lungs ---> Pulminary Veins---> Left Atrium---> Left Ventricle---> Aorta Which parts of the pathways carry oxygenated blood? Lungs, Left Atrium, Left Ventricle, Capillary beds, Aorta Which parts of the pathways carry de-oxygenated blood? Right Atrium, Right Ventricle, Pulmonary Artery What is "transposition of the great vessels" and how does it affect blood circulation? a condition that babies can be born with which causes the arteries leaving the left and right ventricles to be switched. This affects blood circulation in that there is no cross over, so the oxygenated blood from the lungs never makes it through the rest of the body. What is counter-current exchange/flow? Contrast it with co-current exchange. Counter- Current: Flow between water and blood vessels in filament Co-Current: Flow is parallel and blood reaches equilibrium How does counter-current flow allow blood to pick up more oxygen than co-current flow would? (Know that animals use counter-current flow and not co-current flow.) Blood becomes more saturated as it moves opposite the water, but meets with fresher water the further it moves, allowing it to continue gaining oxygen. How does the partial pressure of oxygen in the tissues determine