Reading 360 Final Exam Review with Complete Solutions

Reading 360 Final Exam Review with Complete Solutions Cognitive-Constructivist View reading is an active process in which the reader actively searches for meaning in what she reads. Schema abstract knowledge stored in memory, richly organized networks of knowledge the cognitive orientation reading and learning are active processes constructivism emphasizes that learning and reading are active and constructive processes automaticity decoding quickly, recognize words and assign meaning; allows readers to decode and comprehend simultaneously metacognition ability to employ fix-up strategies when meaning breaks down, active awareness of one's text comprehension scaffolding guiding students toward proficiency; a process that enables a child or novice to solve a problem, carry out a task, or achieve a goal, which would be beyond his unassisted efforts zone of proximal development social nature of learning; the range of tasks in which a child can achieve if they are assisted by a more knowledgeable or more competent other Matthew effect rich get richer, the poor get poorer; reversible, children who read well tend to read more; children who struggle in reading read less Phonemic Awareness the understanding that words are composed of sounds that can be manipulated phoneme smallest sound in a language alphabetic principle phonemes are represented by letters; imperfect correspondence btw phonemes and letters pre-alphabetic visual cues partial alphabetic initial/final letters full alphabetic well developed letter-sound (can decode) consolidated alphabetic larger units (rimes/chunks) processes involved in reading words sight word reading, decoding, analogizing, contextual guessing sight word reading whole unit by sight decoding letter-sound correspondence analogizing rimes (comparing unknown to similarly spelled, chucking) contextual guessing semantic and syntactic cues