AAE 350 Exam Questions | 100% Correct Answers | Verified | Latest 2024 Version

What are the 4 types of malnutrition? What causes each type? - -Overnutrition -Secondary malnutrition -Micronutrient Malnutrition -Protein Calorie/Energy Malnutrition What is the "environmental enteropathy" and that is its' proposed mechanism? - a small intestine disorder triggered by constant ingestion of feces What is the relationship between toilets and stunning? - -The use of sanitary waste disposal and clean water is important in reducing secondary malnutrition -prevention of transmission of parasites and diarrheal diseases -Hookworm acquired by walking barefoot over contaminated soil -other roundworms infections use oral fecal route Normal role of carbohydrates, proteins, glucose, and fat - Role of carbohydrates: Involuntary use, physical activity, mental activity, fighting disease, growth Role of protein: building cells that make up muscle, membranes, cartilage and hair, carrying oxygen, nutrient transport, antibodies, enzymes needed for most chemical reactions in the body; normally 2-5% used for energy; broken down to glucose when carbs not avaliable Glucose: 50-100 gm stored in liver and available to blood and brain. ~350gm stored in and only available to muscles Fat: 90% stored energy in the adult; required oxygen for energy production; some carb is needed for energy productionDescribe the changes in the use of carbohydrate, fat and protein during starvation - Negative nitrogen balance: 12-15g excreted through urine -skeletal muscle broken down to produce glucose using 75g per day of protein -about 160gm of body fat also used -after about a month: 2-4 g nitrogen lost per day, breakdown of skeletal muscle slows (only cells that have to use glucose) Gradual shift in metabolic fuels - 1st: glucose produced from protein breakdown to provide energy -2nd: fat breakdown and metabolism provedes ketones for all tissues except CNS, Red and white blood cells -serum fatty acid levels increase -serum albumin is normal until late in starvation Weight loss: first week a lot of salt and water loss BMR and total energy expenditure decreased in prolonged starvation: decreased activity, increased sleep, decreased body temperature What is a problem in both industrialized and developing countries and why? - Overnutrition: Because of the readily avaliable access to fatty, salty, and sugary foods How does the body adapt metabolically to malnutrition? -