Module 1 - Chpt 1 and 3 Pilbeams.docx

Calculate the static effective compliance during the delivery of a ventilator breath with 650 mL with a Pplat of 28 cm H2O and a PEEP of 0. Group of answer choices 0.23 L/cmH2O 23 mL/cmH2O Inadequate information provided 0.4 cmH2O/L - correct answer 650/(28-0) = 23 mL/cmH2O When the PIP is 43 cm H2O and the Pplat is 18 cm H2O, how much pressure is required to overcome the resistance of the airways? Group of answer choices 0.25 cmH2O 20 cmH2O 25 cmH2O 15 cmH2O - correct answer 43-18 = 25 Describe the difference between ventilation and respiration. - correct answer Ventilation is the movement of air in and out of the lungs. Respiration is the exchange of oxygen and CO2. The pressure in the potential space between the parietal and visceral pleura is known as _______________. - correct answer intrapleural pressure The pressure gradient between airway opening and alveolus is known as _______________. - correct answer Transairway Pressure Calculate the static compliance when Pplat is 27 cm H2O, baseline pressure is 10 cm H2O, and VT is 750 mL. 20 mL/cmH2O 44 L/cmH2O 44 mL/cmH2O 40 mL/cmH2O - correct answer 750/(27-10) = 44 mL/cmH2O Define resistance. - correct answer Resistance is measurement of fractional forces that must be overcome during breathing. What lung disease causes both airway resistance and static compliance to increase? Cystic Fibrosis Croup Emphysema ARDS Pulmonary Fibrosis RSV - correct answer Emphysema Why are the characteristics of the lung not homogenous? - correct answer Differences throughout the lung exist as in compliance and resistance. Compliance and resistance in a acinus can be completely different the next, making the lung characteristics heterogeneous. What factors contribute to resistance when breathing? - correct answer The movement and displacement of lungs, abdominal organs, and diaphragm Tissue resistance seen in patients with ascites Gas viscosity, gas density, flow rate What clinical factors can increase airway resistance by decreasing the radius of the airways? - correct answer The diameter of ETT, length of tube, kinking of tube diameter of airway, bronchospasm, edema, and increased secretions Calculate the time constant for a compliance of 55 mL/cm H2O and resistance of 6 cm H2O/L/s 0.33 second. 36 seconds 33 seconds 0.50 second. 0.36 second. - correct answer 0.55 mL/cmH2O x 6cm H2O/L/s = 0.33s time constant Calculate the static compliance for a mechanically ventilated patient when the VT is 700 mL, PIP is 45 cm H2O, Pplat is 18 cm H2O, flow rate is 60 L/min, and PEEP is 5 cm H2O. 0.040 L/cm H2O 0.044 L/cm H2O 0.054 mL/cm H2O 0.054 L/cm H2O 0.044 mL/cm H2O - correct answer 0.054 L/cm H2O Case Study: A respiratory therapist reviews the following information concerning an intubated patient being mechanically ventilated. Time: PIP / Plat / VT / Flow rate / PEEP 0800: 18 cmH20 / 10mH20 /600mL /45 L/min / +5 cmH20 1000: 25 cm H2O / 12mH20 / 600 mL / 45 L/min / +5 cmh2O 1200 35cm H2O / 12mH20 / 600 mL / 45 L/min / +5 cmH2O What is the PTA at 0800, 1000, and 1200? - correct answer PIP - Pplat = PTA 0800: 18 cmH2O - 10cmH20 = 8 cmH2O = PTA 1000: 25 cmH2O - 12cmH2O = 13 cmH2O = PTA 1200: 35cmH2O - 12cmH2O = 23cmH2O = PTA Case Study: A respiratory therapist reviews the following information concerning an intubated patient being mechanically ventilated. Time: PIP / Plat / VT / Flow rate / PEEP 0800: 18 cmH20 / 10mH20 /600mL /45 L/min / +5 cmH20 1000: 25 cm H2O / 12mH20 / 600 mL / 45 L/min / +5 cmh2O 1200 35cm H2O / 12mH20 / 600 mL / 45 L/min / +5 cmH2O Calculate the RAW at 0800, 1000 and 1200 - correct answer (PIP-Pplat)/flow = Raw 0800: (18-10)/(45L/min/60s) = 10.67 cmH2O/L/s = Raw 1000: (25-12)/(45L/min/60s) = 17.33 cmH2O/L/s = Raw 1200: (35-12)/(45L/min/60s = 30.67 cmH2O/L/s = Raw Case Study: A respiratory therapist reviews the following information concerning an intubated patient being mechanically ventilated. Time: PIP / Plat / VT / Flow rate / PEEP 0800: 18 cmH20 / 10mH20 /600mL /45 L/min / +5 cmH20 1000: 25 cm H2O / 12mH20 / 600 mL / 45 L/min / +5 cmh2O 1200 35cm H2O / 12mH20 / 600 mL / 45 L/min / +5 cmH2O What is the static compliance at 0800, 1000, and 1200? - correct answer Vt/(Pplat-PEEP) = Cs 0800: 600/(18-5) = 46.15 mL/cmH20 1000: 600/(25-5) =