Test 3- Ch. 3 Pilbeam.docx

(A/C) Assist/Control mode does what? - correct answer Ventilator does all the work and controls the breath (Vt, V, It) (VC, PC, PRVC) Assist/control mode is _________________ cycled. - correct answer Time (SIMV) Synchronized Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation mode doeswhat? - correct answer Shared work between the patient and the ventilator. (V, P, PRVC) (Spont) Spontaneous ventilation is what? - correct answer Lisa's definition: Pt does all the work and controls the breath (Vt, V, It, f) (CPAP, PS (pressure support), VS (volume support)) Book definition: Breaths are started by the patient (patient triggered), and tidal volume delivery is determined by the patient (patient cycled) Spontaneous ventilation mode is ____________________ cycled. - correct answer Flow What is a mandatory breath? - correct answer The ventilator determines the start time for breaths (time triggered) or the tidal volume (volume cycled) What is the equation of motion? - correct answer Pmus + Pvent = PE + PR (Muscle pressure + Ventilator Pressure = Elastic recoil pressure + Flow resistance pressure) What is a mathematical approach that can be used to understand the mechanics of breathing during mechanical ventilation? - correct answer Equation of motion The Equation of motion describes what? - correct answer The relationships among pressure, volume, and flow during a spontaneous or mechanical breath. What does the Pmus component of the equation of motion represent? - correct answer The pressure the muscles must generate to create a pressure gradient for flow through the airways (Book definition= is the pressure generated by the respiratory muscles) What pressure gradient is generated by the Pmus component of the equation of motion? - correct answer Transairway pressure What does the P vent component of the equation of motion represent? - correct answer The pressure the ventilator must use to push air through the airways. (Book says aka PTR) What does the (PE) Elastic recoil pressure component of the equation of motion represent? - correct answer The pressure needed to overcome lung compliance/elastance. What does the (PR) Flow resistance pressure component of the equation of motion represent? - correct answer The pressure needed to overcome airway resistance. How is energy to produce motion acquired? (2) - correct answer 1. the contraction of the respiratory muscles 2. generated by the ventilator Where does the energy (i.e., pressure) to produce motion (i.e., flow) come from with spontaneous breaths? - correct answer By contraction of the respiratory muscles (Pmus) during a spontaneous breath Where does the energy (i.e., pressure) to produce motion (i.e., flow) come from with Ventilator breaths? - correct answer Generated by the ventilator during a mechanical breath. The total amount of pressure that must be generated to produce the flow of gas into the lungs depends on what? - correct answer The physical characteristics of the respiratory system (Cs or Raw) What 2 factors determine the way volume is delivered? - correct answer 1. The design of the ventilator 2. The mode of ventilation selected From the 2 factors that determine the way volume is delivered, which one can you the RT control? - correct answer We can control the mode of ventilation selected (volume or pressure) What are control variables? - correct answer Variables are the main variables the ventilator adjusts to produce inspiration (primary ones pressure and volume) What are some variables that a ventilator can control during inspiration? (4) - correct answer 1. Pressure-controlled 2. Volume-controlled 3. Flow-controlled 4. Time-controlled What is Pressure-controlled ventilation? - correct answer When the ventilator maintains the same pressure waveform at the mouth regardless of changes in lung characteristics. In pressure-controlled ventilation, what 2 waveforms vary with changes in compliance and resistance? - correct answer 1. Volume 2. Flow What is Volume-controlled ventilation? - correct answer When the volume delivery and volume/flow waveform remain constant and are not affected by changes in lung characteristics. Volume is measured. What is measured in volume-controlled ventilation? - correct answer Volume In volume-controlled ventilation what waveform varies with changes in compliance and resistance? - correct answer Pressure What is Flow-controlled ventilation? - correct answer When the ventilator controls flow, volume delivery and volume/flow waveform remain constant and are not affected by changes in lung characteristics. Flow is measured. - modern ICU vents What waveform varies in flow-controlled ventilation due to changes in lung characteristics? - correct answer Pressure Which type of ventilation is mostly seen in modern ICU ventilators? - correct answer Flow-controlled ventilation What is measured in Flow-controlled ventilation? - correct answer Flow What is Time-controlled ventilation? - correct answer When pressure, volume, and flow curves can change with changes in lung characteristics. Time remains constant. What remains constant in time-controlled ventilation? - correct answer Time What waveforms vary due to changes in lung characteristics in time-controlled ventilation? (3) - correct answer 1. Pressure 2. Volume 3. Flow What is a trigger variable? - correct answer the mechanism the ventilator uses to begin inspiration What are some trigger variables? (3) - correct answer 1. Time triggering 2. Patient triggering 3. Volume triggering What is a time