APHY 101 Module 5 Exam 1 (Ch 1-4).docx

The body is made up of many different cell types, from small circular red blood cells to the elongated smooth muscle cells 20X its size. Why is there such variation in size and shape? A. different cell sizes are due to nutritional differences B. cell size and shape does not vary among cell types C. variations in cell shape and size are due to chromosomal differences between cells D. different variations in size and shape allow differentiated cell types to perform unique functions - correct answer D. different variations in size and shape allow differentiated cell types to perform unique functions Metabolism is defined as _____. A. the taking in of nutrients B. the breakdown of substances into simpler forms C. the removal of wastes produced by chemical reactions D. all the chemical reactions occurring in an organism that support life - correct answer D. all the chemical reactions occurring in an organism that support life During metaphase of mitosis, chromosomes first condense and become visible when stained and viewed under a microscope. True / False - correct answer False What type of chemical bond involves the sharing of a pair of electrons by two atoms in a molecule? A. hydrogen bond B. covalent bond C. ionic bond - correct answer B. covalent bond What occurs during the stage of protein synthesis called translation? A. a polypeptide is built, based on mRNA base sequence. B. tRNA is produced in the nucleus. C. Complementary strands of DNA are assembled. D. mRNA is built, using DNA as a template. - correct answer A. a polypeptide is built, based on mRNA base sequence Cytokinesis is the process by which the _____ of a cell divides. A. nucleus B. cytoskeleton C. cytoplasm - correct answer C. cytoplasm The origin of the term "anatomy" is related to A. the Greek word for "function" B. the function of internal organs C. the name of the first anatomist D. the Greek word for "cutting up" - correct answer D. the Greek word for "cutting up" In cellular respiration, A. cells breathe, or take in, O2 and give off CO2. B. energy is released from molecules and is transferred to other molecules. C. mitochondria release glucose molecules. D. energy is absorbed from glucose and is transferred to CO2. - correct answer B. energy is released from molecules and is transferred to other molecules. Which organelle contains the nucleolus? A. the endoplasmic reticulum B. the nucleus C. the Golgi apparatus D. the mitochondrion - correct answer B. the nucleus The elbow is distal to the wrist. True / False - correct answer False Osmosis is the movement of A. molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration. B. water through a selectively permeable membrane to a solution containing a higher concentration of impermeant solute. C. ions from a low pressure region to a high pressure region through a selectively permeable membrane. D. water through a selectively permeable membrane to a solution containing a lower concentration of impermeant solute. - correct answer B. water through a selectively permeable membrane to a solution containing a higher concentration of impermeant solute. Absorption is the ability to exhale carbon dioxide. True / False - correct answer False The head is superior to the neck. True / False - correct answer True What is a cofactor? A. Nonprotein molecule that must combine with some enzymes in order for them to become active B. a type of rate-limiting enzyme C. molecule produced as a result of a metabolic pathway D. an organic molecule containing high-energy phosphate groups - correct answer A. Nonprotein molecule that must combine with some enzymes in order for them to become active A DNA strand of ACTTCGATG, when replicated, would yield a strand of the same sequence. True / False - correct answer False Which action is the main function of the digestive system? A. providing oxygen for the extraction of energy from nutrients B. movement of body parts C. absorption of nutrients D. formation of cells - correct answer C. absorption of nutrients Positive feedback mechanisms A. cause long-term changes B. bring conditions back to the normal state C. move conditions away from the normal state D. usually produce stable conditions - correct answer C. move conditions away from the normal state The difference between active and passive transport is that active mechanisms use _____. A. water B. ATP C. protein receptors D. ion channels - correct answer B. ATP A cell may contain hundreds of different types of enzymes True / False - correct answer True ATP is important to cellular processes because it A. is a by-product of all catabolic reactions B. releases oxygen when high-energy phosphate bonds are broken C. is formed by muscles contracting or whenever cellular work occurs D. provides energy for cellular work when the terminal, high-energy bond is broken - correct answer D. provides energy for cellular work when the terminal, high-energy bond is broken Matter is composed of elements, which are composed of _____.