NR503 Epidemiology Final.docx

Common risk factors - correct answer unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, tobacco use Childhood risk - correct answer conditions before birth and early in childhood influence health in adult life. Risk accumulation - correct answer Ageing is an important marker of the accumulation of modifiable risks for chronic disease Underlying determinants - correct answer a reflection of the major forces driving social, economic, and cultural change. I.e. globalization, urbanization, population ageing, and general policy environment Poverty - correct answer interconnected with chronic disease in a vicious circle increasing exposure to risks and decreased access to health services Primary prevention - correct answer aims to prevent disease. I.e. banning hazardous products, educating on healthy/safe habits, immunizations Secondary prevention - correct answer reduce impact of disease or injury that has already occurred. I.e. screening tests, low-dose ASA, suitably modified work Tertiary prevention - correct answer aims to soften impact of ongoing illness. I.e. cardiac or stroke rehab, support groups, vocational rehab Cross Cultural Health Care Program (CCHCP) - correct answer materials to improve cultural competency among health providers to provide healthcare interventions and other cultural variants Marginalization - correct answer Major cause of vulnerability referring to exposure to a range of possible harms Variables at risk for marginalization - correct answer high risk health literacy, cultural barriers, low english proficiency Cultural competence - correct answer a dynamic, fluid, continuous process whereby an individual, system or health care agency find meaningful and useful care delivery strategies based on knowledge of the cultural heritage, beliefs, attitudes, and behavior of those whom they render care Norms & values - correct answer soecific practices that guide the actions and decisions of each person in a group based on their culture. Can be learned or shared. Kleinman Explanatory Model - correct answer A set of questions that the APN can use in order to assess the culture of a patient. Socioeconomic status - correct answer A measure that takes into account three interrelated dimensions: a person's income level, education level, and typ of occupation. Disparities - correct answer a higher burden of illness, injury, disability, or mortality experiences by one grup relative to another Minorities - correct answer a group of people who because of their physical or cultural characteristics, are singled out from the other in society