CALT Exam Study Guide.docx

Rhyming - correct answer One of the first phonological awareness skills to develop Blending & segmenting at syllable level - correct answer Develops at 3-4 years Segmenting phonemes - correct answer Develops at 4-5 years Isolating beginning sound in words, segmenting phonemes in CVC words - correct answer Develops in kindergarten Segmenting words with consonant blends - correct answer Develops in first grade Receptive oral language - correct answer Listening Expressive oral language - correct answer Speaking Receptive written language - correct answer Reading Expressive written language - correct answer Writing __ letters representing __ phonemes - correct answer 26, 44 5 vowel letters, __ vowel sounds - correct answer 15 Long vowels - correct answer Tense Vowels. (Beet, bait, boat, boot, bite, boy, bout) (a, e, i, o, u, oy, ou, oo) Short vowels - correct answer Lax vowels - pat, pet, pit, pot, put, putt (a, e, i ,o, u, oo) Fricatives - correct answer produced by a constant flow of air through the vocal tract (f and v) Affricates - correct answer ch/j Glides - correct answer W, y Liquids - correct answer l, r Alphabetic principle - correct answer an understanding that letters and letter patterns represent the sounds of spoken language Six syllable types - correct answer closed, open, VCe, C+le, R controlled, vowel pairs Semantics - correct answer Language content— meaning of words and the relationship between and among words Pragmatics - correct answer Language use— reasons, codes/styles, conversation rules Phonology - correct answer the study of speech sounds in language Morphology - correct answer units of meaning involved in word formation Syntax - correct answer the rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences in a given language Teutonic Invasion - correct answer Shifted the balance of power in Central Europe leading up to the Christianizing of Britain Norman Conquest - correct answer Began in 1066. Led by William the Conquerer. His military victory at the Battle of Hastings led to Norman control of England. This control would influence England more with continental Europe than Scandinavian culture. Would also lead to rivalry between England and France for the next millenium. Renaissance - correct answer "rebirth"; following the Middle Ages, a movement that centered on the revival of interest in the classical learning of Greece and Rome The Great Vowel Shift - correct answer a phonetic shift in the way that long vowels were pronounced in English Dyslexia - correct answer A specific learning disability that is neurological in origin. It is a deficit in the phonological component of language and is characterized by poor spelling and decoding abilities. Inferior frontal gyrus - correct answer Broca's area — articulation and word analysis Parieto-temporal area - correct answer Brain part responsible for word analysis Occipito-temporal region - correct answer The vision center — word form Angular gyrus - correct answer transforms visual representations into an auditory code Wernicke's area - correct answer controls language reception - a brain area involved in language comprehension and expression; in the parieto-temporal lobe Decode - correct answer Determine pronunciation of a word by breaking it down into sounds Encode - correct answer To spell Child pretends to read, can name letters of alphabet (6 mos-6 yrs) - correct answer Jean Chall's stages of reading development, Stage 0-pre-reading Child learns relation btwn letters and sounds, printed and spoken words; can read simple text (grades 1-2.5) - correct answer Jean Chall's Stages of Reading Development, stage 1-initial reading and decoding Child reads simple stories with increasing fluency (grades 2.5-3) - correct answer Jean Chall's Stages of Reading Development, stage 2-confirmation and fluency Reading is a tool for acquiring new knowledge (grades 4-8) - correct answer Jean Chall's stage 3 - Reading for New Learning Child reads critically from a broad range of complex materials (high school) - correct answer Jean Chall's stage 4- Reading from Multiple Viewpoints Reading is used for one's own needs and purposes and is rapid and efficient (college and beyond) - correct answer Jean Chall's stage 5- Construction and Reconstruction Prephonetic Stage of spelling development - correct answer Not all sounds of the words are represented by letters (example: js for dress) Semiphonetic Stage of Spelling Development - correct answer Child strings together consonants to represent speech sounds (example: ntr for enter) phonetic stage of spelling development - correct answer Every sound is represented but lacking the complete knowledge of conventional orthography (example: sede for seed)