CALT Exam Study Guide 2.docx

closed syllable - correct answer A syllable with only one vowel, closed at the end by a consonant. (A vowel in a closed syllable is short, code it with a breve). open syllable - correct answer A syllable with only one vowel and it is open at the end. (A vowel in an open accented syllable is long, code it with a macron). vowel team - correct answer A syllable with a vowel digraph. (Underline the digraphs, arc diphthongs). Vowel consonant e - correct answer A syllable with a vowel, followed by a consonant with a final e. (Vowel consonant e, the vowel will be long, code it with a macron, the e will be silent, cross it out). Final Stable Syllable - correct answer A syllable type that comes in the final position of a word. It has a hint of a vowel sound, and the syllable before it is accented. (Bracket the Final Stable Syllable, accent the syllable before it). R Controlled Syllable - correct answer A syllable that has a vowel followed by r in which an unexpected combination is read. (Arc the vowel r combination). digraph - correct answer two adjacent letters in a word that make one sound combination - correct answer Two letters that come together in an unexpected way. (example: qu, wh, or, ar, ir, ur, er) diphthong - correct answer Two adjacent vowels in the same syllable that glide together. (Code it with an arc) (example: ow, ou, oi, oy) trigraph - correct answer Three adjacent letters in a syllable that represent one sound. (examples: tch, dge, igh) quadrugraph - correct answer Four adjacent letters in a syllable that represent one sound. (example: eigh) phoneme - correct answer The smallest unit of sound morpheme - correct answer The smallest unit of meaning. The smallest forms or units of language (base word, root, prefix, suffix, or combining form) that carry meaning. Alphabetic Principle - correct answer The relationship between letters in a left to right orientation, and phonemes ordered in a specific temporal sequence in a spoken word. The English language operates on this code of approximately 44 speech sounds and 26 letters. Explicit, systematic, sequential instruction. About 75% of the school population will deduce the ____________________________ _____________________ or code. 25% need explicit instruction. 4 (because x has 2 sounds)! - correct answer How many phonemes in mix? 3 (because digraph th and digraph ow have one sound each) - correct answer How many phonemes in throw? When followed by e, i, or y - correct answer When does g make the j sound bwF (voiced) -ed = (d) ex. milled bwF (unvoiced) -ed = (t) ex. talked bwF t,d -ed = (ed) ex. suited - correct answer What are the sounds made by -ed? Give the formulas. science - correct answer In which field of study do we typically find words of Greek origin? number, color, farm, forest, ocean animals, outer body parts, short common words, words with gh, wh, consonant -le, short words with k, gn, kn, tw, wr, ch pronounced (ch), one syllable word with tch, dge, short words with th, floss words, words with double consonants in the middle, short words with silent letters, short words with unexpected long vowels (wild old words), words with hard g before e or i, words with ng. - correct answer What are the clues that a common English word is of Anglo-Saxon derivation? easy to write and easy to read - correct answer What is the ultimate goal in handwriting instruction? An unaccented vowel sound that sounds like (u) - correct answer What does the "schwa" mark represent in most dictionaries? Sounds with only one spelling or, ar, i, a, e, oo, oo, n, r, y, h, th, th, v, wh, p, f, m, g, x, sh, wh, qu, b, d, l - correct answer Which sounds are unequivocal Sounds with more than one spelling (long a, e, i, o, u), (short u) er, au, j, ch, z, s, short o, ng, ou, ow, k, oi - correct answer Which sounds are equivocal? 1SbwF (f)(l)(s)=ff,ll,ss If you have a one syllable base word, and in final position you hear (f)(l) or (s), then you double the f, l or s. - correct answer What is the floss rule? 2+Sbw M(long e) =e-e When you have a 2 or more syllable base word, and you hear a long e, then you spell that sound with e-e. - correct answer When do we spell the medial (long e) as e-e? bw+ -C=+ bwF _CC+-V=+ bwF _VV+-V=+ bwF VV_+-V=+ If you have a bw plus a consonant suffix, you just add. If you have a bw and you are adding a vowel suffix, you look at the last 3 letters, if the last 2 letters are consonants then you just add. If you have a bw and you are adding a vowel suffix, you look at the last 3 letters, if 2 of the letters are a vowel team, then you just add. - correct answer What are the just add rules? bwF_VC'+ -V=X If you have a base word, and you are adding a vowel suffix, you look at the last 3 letters, if you have one vowel, one consonant, and one accent, then you double the final consonant and add the vowel suffix. - correct answer What is the doubling rule? bwF_Ce -V=_ _C-V If you have a base word, and in final position you have a consonant and a silent e, and you are adding a vowel suffix, then you drop the final e, and add the vowel suffix. - correct answer What is the dropping rule? If you have a word with a final consonant and y, and you are adding a (consonant or a vowel) suffix, change the y to i and add the suffix. (If the suffix begins with an i, then you just add). - correct answer What is the changing rule? e, o, u - correct answer Which vowels are half-long in open, unaccented syllables? Old Anglo Saxon words. i or o +C = long i or long o examples: wild, old - correct answer What are wild, old words? tr - correct answer What is the onset in tram? am - correct answer What is the rime in tram? Orton () was a neurologist and Gillingham () was a psychologist and educator. Gillingham and Bessie Stillman wrote the Gillingham manual which was published in 1935/36. They advocated for multisensory structured language education. - correct answer Who were Samuel Orton and Anna Gillingham? Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Chil